Comparative Histological Study on the Therapeutic Role of Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells versus their Derived Exosomes on Experimentally Induced Liver Fibrosis in Adult Male Albino Rat

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 histology,faculty of medicine,ain shams university

2 Histology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University

Abstract

Background: Liver fibrosis is a significant global health issue with limited treatment options, except for the elimination of the underlying cause or liver transplantation. Both bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and their exosomes (BM-MSC-EXOs) have demonstrated promise as therapeutic agents due to their ability to regenerate and immunomodulate.
Aim of the Work: To compare the therapeutic role of BM-MSCs and their exosomes on the liver's structure in adult male albino rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis.
Material & Methods: Forty-five adult male albino rats were included in this study, 5 of them used to isolate MSCs. Group I (the control group) included ten rats. Group II included thirty rats that received CCl4 to induce liver fibrosis then subdivided equally into subgroup IIA (CCl4 group), subgroup IIB (BM-MSCs group) received BM-MSCs once and subgroup IIC (EXOs group) received EXOs once.
Results: CCl4 injection significantly induced hepatic dysfunction. It caused marked histological alternations, as confirmed by H&E, electron microscopy examination, and biochemical analysis of liver function. Rats treated with BM-MSCs, and exosomes showed considerable improvement in comparison with the CCl4-treated group. There was also a significant decrease in both the area percentages of collagen and TNF-α positive hepatocytes in these groups compared to CCl4-treated group. Although the rats treated by exosomes showed more improvement in all H&E, ultrastructure, and biochemical analysis, statistically there was a non-significant difference between BM-MSCs and exosome groups.
Conclusion: The study revealed that the therapeutic role of BM-MSCs-EXOs seemed to have a greater effect than the parent BM-MSCs in a rat model of liver fibrosis induced by CCl4.

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