Effect of Celastrol and Celastrol Nanoemulsions on Regeneration of Mandibular Bone Defects in Osteoporotic Rats

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 oral biology department, faculty of dentistry, zagazig university

2 Oral Biology department, Faculty of Dentistry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

3 oral biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University

4 Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University

5 Oral Biology department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University

Abstract

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a skeletal-metabolic disease characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture. Poor bone quality due to osteoporosis complicates the healing process. Thus, developing new strategies for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis represent an urgent need. Chinese herbal medicines are gaining attractiveness in traditional medicine.
Aim to the Work: To detect and compare the effect of celastrol (CTL) and Celastrol nanoemulsions (CTL-NE) on the regeneration of mandibular bone defects in ovariectomized (OVX) rats as a model of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP).
Material and Methods: Sixty female rats were randomly distributed into two groups: sham group and OVX group. Sixty days following OVX and sham operations, a bone defect in the mandible was created in all rats. Then, the rats of each group were further subdivided equally into 3 subgroups; subgroup1: the rats were left without any treatment, subgroup 2: the animals received a daily dose of CTL for 4 weeks and subgroup 3: the rats received a daily dose of CTL-NE for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized and their lower jaws were prepared for examination qualitatively by histological, scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination and quantitatively by X-ray microanalysis.
Results: Histological and ultrastructural examination showed that osteoporotic rats had compromised bone regeneration with many signs of delayed bone defect healing. Besides, elemental microanalysis of the osteoporotic defect exhibited significant reduction in its calcium content. Interestingly both sham and OVX groups obtained better defect healing upon CTL administration, however, superior healing was achieved in CTL-NE treated rats. These results were confirmed histologically, ultrastructurally and qualitatively by calcium elemental microanalysis.
Conclusion: Systemic administration of CTL and CTL-NE may be an effective therapy for treatment of osteoporotic bone defects, with privilege to CTL-NE therapy in terms of quantity and quality of regenerated bone.

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