Could Ginkgo Biloba Extract Has a Protective Effect on The Histological Changes Induced in The Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta of Parkinsonian Disease Model in Adult Male Albino Rat?

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Histology and cell biology department, Faculty of medicine, Tanta university

2 Histology and cell biology department, faculty of medicine , Tanta university, Egypt

3 Histology and cell biology department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

4 Histology and cell biology department-Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt

5 Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Rotenone was used to induce the neurochemical, neuropathological and behavioral features of Parkinson’s disease. The neuroprotective & antioxidant effects of ginkgo biloba extract encourage using it.
Aim of the Work: Was to study the possible protective effect of ginkgo biloba extract on the histological structure of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in PD model of adult male albino rat induced by rotenone.
Material and Methods: The rats were divided into 2 main groups. Control groups (A) included 15 rats. Experimental groups (B) included 10 rats which were subdivided into 2 subgroups (5 rats each): Subgroup B1 (PD induced group) received rotenone at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day subcutaneously for 4 weeks and Subgroup B2 (ginkgo biloba + PD induced group) received ginkgo biloba extract at a dose of 100 mg /kg/day orally for 3 weeks then induction of PD as in subgroup B1.
Result: Subgroup B1 (PD induced group) revealed marked motor power impairment and degenerative changes of SNpc structure through which dopaminergic neurons appeared shrunken with small, dense nuclei and surrounded by wide halloes, Lewy bodies were seen by toluidine blue; apparent decreased number of Nissl bodies by cresyl violet and significantly increased mean optical density for caspase 3 protein, while significantly decreased mean optical density for nestin protein. On the other hand Subgroup B2 (ginkgo biloba + PD induced group) showed preservation of the normal motor power and histological structure of some dopaminergic neurons with few Lewy bodies were seen.
Conclusion: The present work showed that ginkgo biloba extract has a protective effect on the histological changes induced by rotenone in the substantia nigra pars compacta of parkinsonian disease model in adult male albino rat.

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