Histological and CBCT Evaluation of Zamzam Water (Gel) Versus Topical Fluoride in Remineralization Potential of Induced Enamel Caries (In Vitro Study)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

2 Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

3 Public Health & Community Medicine Department. Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

Abstract

Introduction: the preservation of the integrity of tooth structure via the use of remineralizing natural products became the new target of modern dentistry. Aim of the work: a new formulation of Zamzam water (gel form) was assessed in remineralizing artificially induced caries compared to fluoride gel. Methods: One hundred and ten premolars were randomly allocated into five equal groups (22 teeth/group). Artificial carious lesions were created on all teeth except group I of sound teeth. The remaining teeth were randomly divided into: Group II (negative control): teeth were left without treatment. Group III (fluoride gel group) (positive control): teeth were treated with acidulated phosphate fluoride gel. Group IV (Zamzam 1 gel) and Group V (Zamzam 2 gel): teeth were treated with Zamzam gel of normal concentration and of high concentration, respectively. Afterward, the enamel surface was evaluated qualitatively by scanning electron microscope and quantitatively through assessing surface microhardness using Vicker’s microhardness test, and via CBCT scanning of enamel density and volume. Results: scanning electron microscopic examination of Zamzam 1 & 2 gel groups showed a distinct enhancement in the demineralized enamel surface than the fluoride group. Also, there was a statistically significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the two groups of Zamzam gel over the fluoride group regarding enamel density and enamel effective volume after remineralization, along with a statically significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in Zamzam gel 2 over fluoride gel group regarding microhardness. Conclusions: Zamzam gel could be superior to fluoride gel suggesting its ability to be used not only as a treatment but also as a preventive measure avoiding the risks of fluoride toxicity.

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