Comparative Study on the Ameliorative Effect of Indian Costus Extract Versus Omeprazole on Fundic Mucosa in Ulcer Model

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Histology department, faculty of medicine, cairo university

2 Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.

3 Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

4 Histology department, Kasr Alaini, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University

Abstract

Introduction: Gastric peptic ulcer disease is of major global health burden which lead to serious complications if left without treatment. This study aimed at evaluating the ameliorative effect of Indian costus ethanolic extract versus omeprazole as the most recently used ulcer therapy in aspirin induced peptic ulcer.
Materials and Methods: 29 rats were divided into: Group І (Control group) which is sub divided into three subgroups (distilled water, omeprazole control that recieved omeprazole for 10 days, saussurea control that recieved saussurea for 10 days), Group II: subgroup IIa (Aspirin; ASA diseased), subgroup IIb (Recovery), Group III: subgroup IIIa (omeprazole; OMZ), subgroup IIIb (saussurea costus; S costus). Aspirin was given daily orally for 5 days to all groups. After 5 days, group IIIa received Omeprazole, group IIIb received S costus for 10 days. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and frozen gastric nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured. Fundic sections were subjected to histological. immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis.
Results: Subgroups (IIa & IIb) revealed marked loss of gastric lining with cells having dark pyknotic nuclei. A significant increase in mean values of MDA, TNF-α, AST, mean area % of Cycloxygenase-2 (COX2) & Nuclear factor Kappa-B (NFκB) immunopositivity with decrease in mean area % of (periodic Acid Schiff) PAS in group IIa & IIb compared to other groups. Omeprazole and S costus treatment ameliorated the biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical changes induced by aspirin on fundic mucosa.
Conclusion: Aspirin can lead to metaplastic changes on the cellular level in the histological structure of fundic mucosa. The S costus produced comparable results to omeprazole with significant improvement in fundic mucosa in gastric ulcer rat model and improvement in the liver function parameters.

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