Possible Therapeutic Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticles versus Pioglitazone Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles on Colitis Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease in Adult Male Albino Rat Model. Histological and Biochemical Study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Histology and cell biology Faculty of Medicine Cairo University

2 Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Background: One of the pathogenic factors and a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is colitis and intestinal dysbiosis. Pioglitazone hydrochloride (PIO), an antidiabetic medication which stimulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) & possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Low aqueous solubility of PIO results in limited absorption and pharmacodynamics. Therefore, a drug delivery system nanoparticle is a priority.
Aim of Work: Assessing the potential therapeutic impact of chitosan nanoparticles versus PIO-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on colitis associated with CKD.
Materials & Methods: Twenty-nine adult male rats were categorized into 5 groups: group I, group II administered adenine daily for 3 weeks, group III treated as group II then no further intervention for 2 weeks, groups IV & V received adenine as group II then treated with chitosan nanoparticles and PIO-loaded chitosan nanoparticles respectively for 2 weeks. Biochemical analysis for stool lactobacilli, serum creatinine, colonic malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and PPAR-γ along with histological and immunohistochemical study (for claudin-1 and caspase-3) were performed. In addition to statistical analysis.
Results: Group II illustrated elevated serum creatinine, colonic MDA and TNF-α as well as decreased stool lactobacilli and PPAR-γ expression. Disruption of renal architecture along with lost colonic surface epithelium, distorted intestinal crypt and inflammatory infiltration were recorded. In addition to reduced claudin-1 and increased caspase-3 immunoreactivity. As regards group III, no significant improvement was recorded in all the previously mentioned findings. While groups IV and V revealed obvious amelioration with better effects in group V.
Conclusion: Both chitosan nanoparticles and pioglitazone loaded chitosan nanoparticles improved alteration of kidney function and structure and ameliorated colitis associated with CKD. While pioglitazone loaded chitosan nanoparticles illustrated superior impacts.

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