Neuroprotective Effect of Nigella Sativa Extract on Cerebral Frontal Cortex and Hippocampus in Experimentally Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Male Albino Rat

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine Menoufia university , Shebin El-Kom, Egypt

2 Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt

3 Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt. Badr University, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo Egypt.

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a contributor to neurological disorders which affect the central nervous system. It is acknowledged that oxidative stress plays a key mediating work in the etiology of diabetes complications. Strong antioxidant properties of Nigella Sativa (NS) have been linked to eliminating reactive oxygen species to prevent lipid peroxidation, and to increase antioxidant enzymes.
Aim of the Work: To study and assess the neuroprotective effect of nigella sativa (NS) extract on the frontal cortex and hippocampus in experimentally induced diabetes mellitus in adult male albino rat. This was based on histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical and morphometric analyses.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male albino rats were divided into five groups: Group I included control animals, Group II (NS group), Group III (Diabetic group), Group IV (Experimentally protected), Group V (Experimentally treated). All animals were sacrificed after 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected for biochemical assay and the frontal cortex and hippocampus sections were prepared for histological and immunohistochemical studies. Morphometric and statistical analysis were carried out.
Results: In contrast to the control group, the diabetic group demonstrated shrunken pyknotic pyramidal cells of the frontal cortex and hippocampus, decrease in Nissl granule density, a significant up regulation for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreaction, iNOS immunoreaction, caspase3 immunoreaction and decrease in Ki67 positive cells also significant increase in MDA level but protected and treated groups with NS extract showed amelioration with all parameters in the study.
Conclusion: Antioxidant components of NS extract make NS specialized with neuroprotective effect on frontal cortex and hippocampus.

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