Chitosan nanoparticles Mitigate Sodium Nitrite Neurotoxicity of Memory and Autophagy Disorders through modulation of immunohistochemical Expression of Neurocan, Beclin-1, and LC3-II

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Zoology department, faculty of Science, Suez University

2 Associate Prof of Histology and Histochemistry , Zoology Dep. , Faculty of Sciences , Suez University , Suez , Egypt

3 2Histopathology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.

4 Suez University, Faculty of Science, Zoology Department. Suez, Egypt

Abstract

Aim of the Work: The present study aimed to investigate the toxicity of sodium nitrate on memory and learning disorders, brain pathology, and autophagy activity; in addition to the chitosan nanoparticles treatment impacts.
Results: The cognitive activity of novel locations and objects in place and fear of aggravated behavior with the ability to avoid unpleasant stimuli among young rats are negatively influenced by sodium nitrite injection (80 mg/kg) without effects on their ability for new object recognition. Additionally, the toxicity triggered highly distributed degenerated cells with acrocentric chromatin distribution and pyknosis in the CA3 hippocampus sub-region, with a significant increase in the extracellular deposits of beta amyloids and significant up-regulation of neurocan protein. In parallel, there was a defect in the autophagy process through down-regulation of both Beclin 1 and LC3-II expression in the hippocampus CA3 sub-region and dentate gyrus (DG). Meanwhile, chitosan NP improved not only cognitive learning and memory skills for location cognition behavior and the ability to avoid heat shock, but also histopathological structure with decreased distributed degenerated cells and autophagy protein expression modulation with a significant decrease for toxic amyloids.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that CA3 may be considered an important site for controlling the cognitive location novelty and experience of novelty for objects in novel places, but not for detecting the novel objects, in parallel with amelioration of the pathological aspects and inhibition of toxic beta-amyloid deposits. So, chitosan nanoparticles emerged with new insights into their pharmacological activity in the modulation of behavioral disorders and amputation of toxic amyloid aggregation.

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