mandour, D., Abdelfattah, M., Saber, S., Soliman, R. (2023). Vapor of Electronic Cigarettes Induces Histopathological Changes in the Rat Submandibular Gland. Egyptian Journal of Histology, 46(1), 150-162. doi: 10.21608/ejh.2021.90525.1555
Dalia A. mandour; Marwa Tharwat Abdelfattah; Sara Mohamed Saber; Rania Hassan Mohamed Soliman. "Vapor of Electronic Cigarettes Induces Histopathological Changes in the Rat Submandibular Gland". Egyptian Journal of Histology, 46, 1, 2023, 150-162. doi: 10.21608/ejh.2021.90525.1555
mandour, D., Abdelfattah, M., Saber, S., Soliman, R. (2023). 'Vapor of Electronic Cigarettes Induces Histopathological Changes in the Rat Submandibular Gland', Egyptian Journal of Histology, 46(1), pp. 150-162. doi: 10.21608/ejh.2021.90525.1555
mandour, D., Abdelfattah, M., Saber, S., Soliman, R. Vapor of Electronic Cigarettes Induces Histopathological Changes in the Rat Submandibular Gland. Egyptian Journal of Histology, 2023; 46(1): 150-162. doi: 10.21608/ejh.2021.90525.1555
Vapor of Electronic Cigarettes Induces Histopathological Changes in the Rat Submandibular Gland
1Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
2Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig university, Egypt
Abstract
Introduction: Electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) are nicotine delivery devices that work by vaping the E-cigs liquid rather than burning tobacco. It was initially presumed that E-cigs usage was safe. As the popularity of E-cigarettes grows, it's vital to think about their potential dangers and risks. A paucity of studies concerning the hazards of E-cigs was a call to assess the effect of E-cigs on the structure of the submandibular salivary gland (SMG). Aim of the Work: To clarify the structural changes that may take place in rat SMG after E-cigs exposure and the possible amelioration after its cessation. Material and Methods: 30 adult male albino rats were allocated into three equal groups at random. Control group (Group 1). E-cigs exposed group (Group 2): was exposed to E-liquid smoke vapor (1ml/day) for 1 hour for 5 sequential days per week for four weeks. Withdrawal or recovery group (Group 3): was exposed to the same duration and dose of E-liquid smoke vapor as group 2 then left without exposure for another four weeks. At the end of experiment, the SMG were excised and processed for hematoxylin & eosin, Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff’s stain, Mallory’s trichrome stain and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)for immunohistochemical study. Also, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) enzyme activity were determined. Results: SMG injury was caused by electronic cigarettes in rats, as shown by histological changes in the acini and ducts, including vacuolated cytoplasm, besides increased TNF-α immunoreactivity and its area percentage. Furthermore, E-cigs caused oxidative damage by increasing MDA and decreasing GPx1 enzyme levels. Interestingly, cessation of exposure resulted in some amelioration of the histological and biochemical changes. Conclusion: Electronic cigarettes produce degenerative changes in the histological structure of the submandibular salivary gland and the withdrawal exhibits some degree of improvement.
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