The Possible Protective Role of Sacubitril-Valsartan Versus Propolis on Experimentally Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rat: A Histological Study

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Histology faculty of medicine Ain shams university

2 histology ain shams faculty of medicine

3 ain shams histology faculty of medicine

4 Professor of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University.

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a commonly prescribed chemotherapy associated with severe pulmonary toxicity. Sacubitril/valsartan is a drug for treating heart failure. It modulates inflammation and oxidative stress. Propolis is a natural substance that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Aim: To assess the potential preventive effects of sacubitril/valsartan versus propolis against acute lung injury produced by CP in rats. Materials and methods: Thirty-five male albino rats were allocated into four groups. Group Ι: control group. Group II: rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of CP (200 mg/kg) on day five. Group III: was given oral sacubitril/valsartan (30mg/kg/day) for six days. Group IV was given oral propolis (100 mg/kg/day) for six days. On day five, groups III and IV received CP as in group II. All rats were euthanized on the seventh day, and their lungs were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), combined alcian-PAS, Mallory's trichrome, orcein, and immunohistochemical analyses for caspase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Morphometric measurements and statistics were done. Results: Group II's H&E-stained sections demonstrated that the bronchiolar wall and lumen had extravasated red blood cells, mononuclear inflammatory cells, destruction, and sloughing of the epithelial lining, which was confirmed by a significant elevation in Caspase-3. A significant rise in the number of goblet cells with acidic mucin was observed. Significant interalveolar septal thickening infiltrated with inflammatory cells was observed. Macrophages and giant cells in the lumen of alveoli, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages were seen in the interstitial tissue. Disruption of elastic fibers and significant elevation of collagen fibers and iNOS, were observed. On the other hand, groups III and IV demonstrated significant improvement in comparison to group II. Conclusion: Both sacubitril/valsartan and propolis have protective anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects against lung injury brought on by CP.



Key words: Cyclophosphamide, propolis, sacubitril/valsartan, lung, Caspase-3, iNOS.

Keywords

Egyptian Journal of Histology

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 21 October 2025

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