Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901Intermittent Fasting Attenuates Apoptosis, Modulates Autophagy and Preserves Telocytes in Doxorubicin Induced Cardiotoxicity in Albino Rats: A Histological Study6636836870510.21608/ejh.2020.22181.1230ENEman AbasHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-4722-1623Marwa MohamedSabryHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt000000023754375xJournal Article20200109Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer drug, however its use is limited due to severe cardiotoxic effects as ventricular dysfunction, cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Intermittent fasting (IF) has a potential preventive and therapeutic effects against variety of diseases including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.<br />Aim of Work: Investigating the effects of DOX on the histological structure of myocardium and evaluating the possible cardioprotective effects of IF on these changes.<br />Materials and Methods: Forty eight adult male albino rats were divided equally into four groups: control, fasting (16 hours fasting /8 hours eating), DOX (received 3 mg/kg every other day for a total of six intraperitoneal injections) and fasting DOX. Body weight, levels of cardiac biomarkers, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and autophagic indicators (LC3II & p62) were measured. Myocardial specimens were processed for paraffin blocks and stained with H&E, Mallory’s trichrome and immunohistochemical stains for p53. Moreover, resin blocks were processed for semithin and ultrathin sections examination. Morphometric and statistical studies were performed.<br />Results: In DOX group, cardiac biomarkers, MDA, LC3II and p62 levels were significantly elevated compared to control group. In addition to, marked histological alterations in myocytes, telocytes and autophagic process. Also, there was significant decrease in cardiomyocytes diameter, significant increase in p53 positive cells and area percent of collagen fibres versus control. On the other hand, IF protected cardiac tissues against the toxic effects of DOX as evidenced by amelioration of histopathological changes and the non significant difference in the levels of cardiac enzymes, MDA, LC3II and p62, cardiomyocytes diameter, p53 positive expressions and area percent of collagen fibres compared to control group.<br />Conclusion: Doxorubicin administration resulted into deleterious effects on the myocardium. Intermittent fasting had cardioprotective effects against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity via restoration of oxidative state, attenuation of apoptosis, regulation of autophagic process and preservation of telocytes.Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901The Possible Neuroprotective Effect of Astaxanthin on Monosodium Glutamate and Aspartame Induced Hippocampal Changes in Albino Rats: (Histological and Immuno-histochemical Study)6847017020110.21608/ejh.2020.22609.1235ENGihan I.Aboul FotouhHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversitySafinaz SalahEldin SayedHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityZainab MohammedAltayebHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine,
Helwan University, Cairo, EgyptEman AdelZaherhistology , faculty of medicine , helwan university , cairo0000-0002-0428-1159Journal Article20200118Background: Food additives are substances added to food to improve its safety, freshness, taste, texture, or appearance. They include aroma enhancer eg : monosodium glutamate(MSG) or sweetener eg.: aspartame (ASP).<br />Aim of the Study: This current study was performed to study the microscopic alterations induced by MSG, ASP individually and in combination and the possible protective effect of astaxanthin (AST) on those induced changes.<br />Materials and Methods: Forty nine adult male albino rats were used in this study divided into; control group (fourteen rats) two rats for each experimental group and experimental group (thirty five rats) subdivided into seven subgroups:ASP group, MSG group, ASP andMSG group,AST group,ASP andAST group, MSG andAST group, ASPandMSG andAST group. Oral administration was done in the morning daily for 6 weeks for all groups. When the duration of the study ended, blood samples were collected from rat tail and paraffin sections were prepared from the cerebral hemisphere of each animal. They were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemical stain for Caspase3 and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP). Statistical analysis were done for assessment of body weight, reduced glutathione (GSH) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) level.<br />Results: The groups that received ASP (I), MSG (II) individually or in combination (III) exhibited shrunken cells with darkly stained nuclei and surrounded with pericellular haloes and some areas even revealed loss of the cells with increase in immunoreactivity for GFAP and Caspase 3. These groups also showed elevation in the level of TNFα and decrease in the level of GSH. On treatment with AST groups V, VI and VII showed reduced pycknosis, decreased immunoreactivity for GFAP and Caspase 3. It also showed reduction in the level of TNFα and increased level of GSH.<br />Conclusion: ASP and MSG individually or in combination induce alternation in hippocampus and AST administration ameliorate those changesEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901Effect of Cisplatin on Cerebellar Cortex of Albino Rat and Possible Protective Role of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor versus Citrullus Lanatus Juice: A Histological Study7027176504810.21608/ejh.2019.19193.1197ENAbeer FouadAbdel MohsenHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0003-0415-7585Nagwa Abdel WahabAhmedHistology Department,Faculty of Medicine,Cairo University,Cairo, EgyptZainab MohammedAltaibHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, EgyptShaimaa MohammedZaherHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, EgyptJournal Article20191205Background: Cisplatin has a major antitumor effect against a broad range of solid tumors. Yet, its clinical use is limited by its harmful effects especially on the nervous system.<br />Aim of the Work: Assessment of the effect of cisplatin on histological structure of cerebellar cortex and the possible protective role of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) versus citrullus lanatus juice.<br />Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were assigned to a group of four: Control group, group I: received cisplatin (10 mg/kg) on the 6th and 13th days of the study via intraperitoneal (IP) injection, group II: received G-CSF (50 μg/kg) for five consecutive days via subcutaneous injection then received as group I, group III: received cisplatin as group I as well as citrullus lanatus juice (4 ml/kg) daily for 16 days via oral gavage. Blood samples were taken to measure plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Cerebellar biopsies were processed for light microscopy using H&E and immunohistochemical stains (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) & caspase-3) as well as for electron microscopy. Morphometric and statistical studies were done for number of Purkinje cells, thickness of granular layer, area percent of GFAP positive cells and optical density of caspase-3 positive cells.<br />Results: Group I showed significantly high MDA and significantly low GSH levels, shrinkage, distortion, deep staining of disarranged Purkinje cells with nuclear pyknosis, swollen mitochondria with destroyed cristae and dilated Golgi apparatus. Separated granule cells were shrunken with dark irregular nuclei. Results were confirmed by morphometric and statistical studies. These changes were ameliorated in both group II and III with great extent in group II than in group III.<br />Conclusion: G-CSF could improve cisplatin induced cerebellar cortical changes better than citrullus lanatus juice.Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901Histological and Immunohistochemical Study on the Effect of Valporic Acid on the Femur of Adult Male Guinea Pigs and the Possible Protective Role of L-carnitine7187316532810.21608/ejh.2019.19115.1196ENAmira FahmyAlihistology,menofia university0000-4535-2899-3709Journal Article20191105Background: Valporic acid (VPA) is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug and is effective in the treatment of different types of epileptic seizures. It usually affects bone and mineral metabolism and increase the risk of fractures due to decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Among dietary supplements, L-carnitine is an emergic candidate with potential bone protective effects. It promotes energy utilization and is important for tissues with high energy requirements.<br />Objective: The target of this work is to estimate the effect of valproic acid on the femur and the possible protective effect of L-carnitine administration in adult male guinea pigs.<br />Materials & Methods: Forty adult male guinea pigs were utilized in the current study. The guinea pigs were divided into four groups, Group I (control group), Group II(L-carnitine treated group), Group III (Valporic acid treated group) and Group IV (L-carnitine and valporic acid treated group). After 10 weeks, the upper parts of femur were processed for histological, morphological and immunohistochemical studies.<br />Results: Valporic acid treated group was associated with enhanced bone turnover as evident by a significant change in serum levels of calcium, osteocalcin and TRAP. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in trabecular and cortical bone thickness and a significant change in the mean number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Histologically, evidence of bone resorption was manifested in the femoral bone with resorption cavities, irregular endosteal surface. Decrease of collagen in the cortical bone was evident in trichrome-stained sections. Immunohistochemically, this group showed positive immunoreactivity for caspase-3 in osteocytes and decrease in osteopontin expression in bone matrix. L-carnitine supplementation with valporic acid in group IV has ameliorating effect on the histological abnormalities of bone.<br />Conclusion: L-carnitine improved the biochemical, histological and morphometric changes induced by VPA, and therefore, there is a potential benefit in using L-carnitine with long term administration of valporic acid.Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901Assessment of the Potential Genotoxicity and Cardiac Teratogenicity of Venlafaxine on Embryos of Pregnant Black Mice7327474869410.21608/ejh.2019.15379.1150ENMelad NaimKeladaanatomy department, faculty of medicine , Alexandria university0000-0001-9065-4523..El Sayed AliMetwalyHuman Anatomy and Embryology,Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.0000-0002-0307-9338Maha Diaa ELl DeenSafwatanatomy department,faculty of medicine, Alexandria university,
Alexandria, EgyptLobna MohammedAbd El Mottelibanatomy and embryology department, faculty of medicine, Alexandria university,
Alexandria, Egypt0000-0001-5817-1847Journal Article20190707Background: Depression during pregnancy is a very common problem worldwide, so the possibility of intake antidepressant medications during pregnancy is high. In Egypt, about 60% of pregnant women experience someforms of antenatal depression.<br />The most widely prescribed antidepressants worldwide are Selective serotonin and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs and SNRIs).The mechanism of action is poorly understood but in general, these drugs act by blocking the serotonin and/or norepinephrine transporters.<br />Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of venlafaxine- one of the most widely prescribed SSRI (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) on DNA, and also study its possible teratogenic effect on cardiac development.<br />Methods: The present study was carried out on fifty pregnant black mice (C57BL/6).The mice were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a control and venlafaxine-treated groups receiving (3mg, 10mg, 30mg and 100mg/kg/day). The fetuses were dissected for the evaluation of their cardiac structure. The micronucleus test was used to detect the ability of venlafaxine to induce DNA damage.<br />Results: The present work showed that administration of increasing concentrations of venlafaxine resulted in significant increase in the incidence of embryo heart anomalies in black mice as VSD, pulmonary trunk dilatation and right ventricle enlargement as compared to the control group. Also, this study showed an increase in the frequency of micronuclei in the blood of the adult mice after exposure to increasing dose of venlafaxine.<br />Conclusions: Physicians should make a proper decision regarding prescription of SSRI in general and venlafaxine, in particular, to treat depression during pregnancy weighing the risks and benefits for both mother and fetus.Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Green Coffee Aqueous Extract Effect on Parotid Salivary Gland in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Albino Rats7487626636810.21608/ejh.2019.20725.1211ENYasmin M.El-ghazawyOral Biology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, EgyptMedhat A.El-ZainyOral Biology Department , Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptRabab HassanOral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain shams university, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-3561-9386Journal Article20191209Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a very common disorder of carbohydrate metabolism whose complications affect widely the quality of life, longevity and healthcare costs. Green coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide and is one of the main sources of chlorogenic acid (CGA) especially in its green form with various biological benefits.<br />Aim: To evaluate the possible effect of green coffee beans aqueous extract on parotid gland (PG) of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic albino rats.<br />Material and Methods: Forty two adult male albino rats were divided equally into 3 main groups. Group I (control) rats received 0.2-0.25ml citrate buffer. This group was subdivided equally into 2 subgroups IA and IB in which rats were sacrificed corresponding to their experimental subgroups. Group II (diabetic) rats were injected by single dose of STZ (40mg/kg). Group III (diabetic treated) rats were received green coffee at a dose of 93mg/kg in form of aqueous extract 1.24-1.55ml orally once a day from the development of diabetes till the day of sacrifice. In groups II and III rats were subdivided into subgroups A and B (rats sacrificed after 1 and 2 weeks of diabetes development respectively). PGs were dissected and examined histologically and immunohistochemically.<br />Results: Histologically, serous acini of group II showed histological deterioration in form of pleomorphic nuclei and cytoplasmic vacuolations. In group III, serous acini showed less nuclear changes and minimal vacuolations. Immunohistochemically, PGs of group II showed diffuse cytoplasmic reactions of caspase-3 in their parenchymal elements, while the nuclear reactions were localized in group III. Statistically, area% of both anti-active caspase-3 antibody and inter-acinar spaces showed significant increase in subgroup IIB and significant decrease in subgroup IIIB.<br />Conclusions: Green coffee aqueous extract can enhance the deteriorative effects of diabetes on PGs in time dependent manner.Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901A Comparative Study between Ginger and Echinacea Possible Effect on the Albino Rat Spleen of Experimentally Induced Diabetes76377612616810.21608/ejh.2019.16107.1156ENHoda M.SaidHistology department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptHekmat O.AbdelazizHistology department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptNesreen G.Abd ElhaliemHistology department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptSherine AhmedElsherifhistology department, faculty of medicine, sohag university0000-0002-6078-5669Journal Article20191010Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic serious health problem that affecting different organs in the body as spleen. It led to a decrease in immune function.<br />Aim: The present study compared between the effect of two herbal extracts ginger and Echinacea on their immunomoduolatory role on experimentally induced diabetes.<br />Materials and Methods: 45 adult male rats were used in the study. They were divided into 2 groups. Control group(group I): included 15 animals and group II included 30 animals and were divided into 3 subgroups 10 animals each. subgroup IIa: diabetic group: received a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 70 mg/kg dissolved in cold saline solution, subgroup II b: diabetic treated with echinacia daily 100mg/kg for 60 days orally by gastric gavage and subgroup IIc: diabetic treated with ginger 500mg/kg for 60 days orally by gastric gavage. At the end of experiment animals were sacrificied,spleen was dissected and processed for light,electron microscopic study and immunohistochemistry. Morphometric study and statistical analysis were done for the percentage area of collagen fibers and number of positive celeaved caspase 3 cells.<br />Results: Diabetes led to marked atrophied white pulp and statistically significant increase in the number of cleaved caspase-3 positive cells as well as the area percentage of collagen fibers in the spleen. Echinacea treated group red pulp contain numerous acidophilic cells with vesicular nuclei in between the splenic lymphocytes as well as congested dilated blood sinusoids.. The lymphocytes were more or less similar to those in the control group. Ginger treated group exhibited marked improvement in the splenic architecture. There were significant decrease in both cleaved caspase-3 positive cells and area percentage of collagen fibers that was marked in ginger group.<br />Conclusion: We concEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901Evaluation of the Effect of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) on Bone Regeneration in the Tibia of Diabetic Rats (Histological and Immunohistochemical Studies)7777905854210.21608/ejh.2019.18897.1191ENEl-Sakhawy M.A.Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Vet. Med. Cairo University, EgyptSherif H.Abd-El MowlaDepartment of Oral and Dental Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Boys, Cairo, Al-Azhar University, EgyptDina BashirCytology and histology department, faculty of veterinary medicine,Cairo university,Cairo, egyptJournal Article20191030Objectives: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of platelet- rich fibrin (PRF) on bone defects regeneration in diabetic rats by histological studies of tibial bone and immunohistochemical examination of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).<br />Methods:The present investigation was carried out on eighty adult male albino rats. They were divided randomly into four main groups (each of 20 rats) as the following:<br />Group (I): Normal control rats, received 0.9% saline I.P. only.<br />Group (II): Diabetic control rats, received 0.9% saline I.P.<br />Group (III): Diabetic experimental rats, received PRF.<br />Group (IV): Proposed group (normal control rats received PRF).<br />Five animals from each group were killed after 7, 14, 30 and 60 days alternatively post operatively. Diabetes was induced by injection of monohydrated alloxan. PRF was isolated from the blood of the animals in group III and IV. Bony defects were created in the tibia. The bony cavity was lifted without grafts in group I and II, while in group III and IV the bony defect received PRF. After compeletion of the experiment, the tibia was removed and the specimens were examined histologically by H&E and Masson's trichrome stains and immunohistochemically for demonstration of "VEGF".<br />Results: The histological results demonstrated that there was obvious retardation in the granulation tissue and bone formation in the diabetic control group than other groups. Moreover, there was great acceleration in the bone formation in the groups treated with PRF.<br />Immuno-expression of the VEGF was more intense in ossifying centers, around newly formed woven bone trabeculae, in bone marrow spaces and the wall of blood vessels of diabetic and proposed groups treated with PRF.<br />Conclusion: The best healing and bone regeneration occurred in the groups treated with PRF which was markedly increased along the intervals of the study.Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901Comparative Study of the Effect of Experimentally Induced Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism on the Parotid Gland in Adult Male Albino Rats7918075836410.21608/ejh.2019.17411.1174ENHeba HashemAnatomy and Embryology department, faculty of medicine, Ain shams university, Cairo, Egypt0000-0001-5674-9174Shereen SaadAnatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-8863-7553Journal Article20190929Introduction: Thyroid dysfunctions are considered one of the most important endocrine disorders. Alterations in the level of thyroid hormones cause various subclinical or clinical manifestations. Salivary glands act as the biological media for food and the first line of defense for oral cavity and teeth. Any alterations in their integrity and activity can affect the patient's health.<br />Aim: This study aimed to compare the possible histo-functional alterations that may occur in the parotid gland structure in an experimentally induced hyperthyroid and hypothyroid state.<br />Materials and Methods: Twenty four adult male rats were divided into three equal groups. Group I: served as euthyroid. Group II (hyperthyroid group): rats received Eltroxine in a dose 600 μg/kg/day via an oral gavage feeding needle for three successive weeks. Group III (hypothyroid group): rats received Neomercazole in a dose of 1.35 mg /kg/day via an oral gavage feeding needle for three successive weeks. At the end of the experiment, all animals were weighed, blood samples were collected then all were sacrificed. The parotid glands were weighed and sampled for histopathological, Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies.<br />Results: Examination of parotid sections of treated groups showed histopathological changes in the form of swollen serous acini, vacuolation, dilated duct, changes in secretory granules density, congested blood vessels and cellular infiltration. That is accompanied by significant changes in parotid gland weight, rat’s body weight, mast cell number, Bcl-2 positive cells and serum amylase.<br />Conclusion: It is recommended in cases of thyroid dysfunctions to monitor oral and dental health to follow salivary glands dysfunction.Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901Effects of Nicotine Administration on the Structure of Auditory Cortex of Adolescent Male Guinea Pigs, a Histological and Ultrastructural Study8088185918910.21608/ejh.2019.16780.1165ENManal AOthmanDept. of Anatomy, College of Medicine-Arabian Gulf University Bahrain &amp; Dept. of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt0000-0002-5967-1023Amira MOseilyDept. of Ear, Nose &amp; Throat, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptEnas MRamadanDept. of Ear, Nose &amp; Throat, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptJournal Article20190915Background: Nicotine, the main ingredient in tobacco smoke, has always been linked to degenerative changes to the nervous system and several areas in the brain were reported to be injured due to nicotine. The effect of nicotine on the auditory system is only being recognized recently with few studies assessed the morphology. The effect of nicotine on the primary auditory cortex of young adolescent animals was addressed in this study.<br />Materials and Methods: Twenty young male guinea pigs of two months old were divided into two groups of 10 animals each. Group I, the control group, received daily subcutaneous injections of normal saline for one month. Group II, the nicotine-treated group, received 3 mg/Kg body weight of nicotine subcutaneously daily. After animal sacrifice, brains were removed and processed for light and electron microscopic evaluations. Morphometry was also done to light microscopic histological sections.<br />Results: In the nicotine-treated group, there were degenerative changes affecting the neurons, glia as well as blood capillaries. There was a darkening of neurons and disruption of their dendrites and organelles. The glial cells revealed reactivity, swelling, and cytoplasmic disruption. Blood capillaries showed collapse and thickening of their basement membrane. Morphometry revealed that the thickness of the auditory cortex has decreased as well as the dark neuronal number has increased in the treated group versus the control.<br />Conclusion: Nicotine administration to adolescent male guinea pigs resulted in degenerative changes affecting the auditory cortex of the brain, which emphasizes the hazardous effects of cigarette smoking, especially at a young age.Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901The Possible Role of Curcumin against Changes Caused by Paracetamol in Testis of Adult Albino Rat (Histological, Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Study)8198346258810.21608/ejh.2019.18599.1189ENHeba OsamaMohammedhuman anatomy and embryology,faculty of medicine,Zagazig University0000-0002-0944-6186Rasha MohammedSabryanatomy Dept, Faculty of medicine,Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20191023Background: Paracetamol is widely used analgesic which was wrongly thought to be entirely harmless by lots of people. Curcumin has many pharmacological uses such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anticancer.<br />The aim of the Work: This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological effects of paracetamol on testicular tissue and how far curcumin can protect testicular tissue from these changes.<br />Material and Methods: Twenty eight adult rats were used in this work. Rats were equally divided into four groups. Group I: the control group was divided into(subgroup a,b given distilled water ,corn oil respectively ),Group II: was given curcumin 50mg\kg body weight, Group III: was given single daily dose of paracetamol 500mg\ kg for five days ,Group IV: pretreated with curcumin 50mg\kg\body weight for 10 days then received single daily dose of paracetamol 500mg\kg in association with curcumin for five days. In the present work, the sperm count, histological and immunohistochemical,biochemical and morphometric studies were evaluated.<br />Results: Paracetamol caused loss of normal architecture of testicular tissue, wide interstitial spaces , loss of stratal arrangement of germinal epithelium with intercellular spacing. Also,reduction in number of +ve vimentin staining Sertoli cells and marked decrease in number and intensity of PCNA positive cells with increased oxidative stress in testicular tissue. Curcumin protected testis against these alterations.<br />Conclusion: Curcumin, is effective in reducing paracetamol testicular toxicity in albino rat, by ameliorating oxidative stress, histopathological and immunhistochemical changes and restoring the normal testicular tissue architecture and function and this can be considered for humans.Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901Carisoprodol (Somadril) Induced Histological and Histochemical Changes in Renal Cortex of Pregnant Rats and Their Fetuses8358486463510.21608/ejh.2019.19917.1203ENHemmat MansourAbdelhafezZoology Department Faculty of Science AL- Azhar University Cairo, EgyptMervat AhmedAbd RabouDepartment, College of Science, Jouf UniversityJournal Article20191006Background: carisoprodol is a generally prescribed skeletal muscle relaxant whose primary active metabolite is meprobamate, a substance with well-established abuse potential similar to that of benzodiazepines. A number of reports showed that carisoprodol has been abused for its anodyne and relaxant effects.<br /> Aim of the work: the diversion and misuse of carisoprodol and its adverse health effects appeared to be dramatically increased over the last several years. This study aimed to detect the histological and histochemical changes in the cortex of kidney tissue of pregnant rats and their fetuses after treatment with carisoprodol. <br />Materials and Methods: thirty pregnant female rats were randomly categorized into three groups (ten pregnant female rats in each group). The first was administered oral doses of distilled water and served as control. The other two groups were administered oral doses of carisoprodol (Somadril compound) in the distilled water equivalent to 10.8 and 21.6 mg/100g body weight/day respectively for 15 days from the 6th day to the 20th day of gestation.<br /> Results: maternal and fetal kidney cortex tissue of both treated groups showed lots of degenerative changes post-treatment with carisoprodol. The severity of these changes was more obvious in fetal cortex of kidney tissue of both groups this was accompanied with numerous histochemical changes. Conclusion: treatment of pregnant rats with carisoprodol led to numerous dystrophic changes in the maternal and fetal kidney cortex tissue. These findings provide evidence to support current recommendations to avoid the use of carisoprodol in pregnant rats except if the potential benefit justifies the risk to the fetuses.Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901In Treating Glucocorticoids Induced Osteoporosis in Temporomandibular Joint of Albino Rats; Which are More Effective Microvesicles or Mesenchymal Stem Cells?8498626779610.21608/ejh.2020.20936.1213ENRehab AliAbdel MoneimOral biology department, faculty of dentistry, Cairo university and Future university in Egypt0000-0003-4914-4876Abeer MostafaMedical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of medicine, Cairo UniversityMarwa Magdy SaadAbbass6 Bahget st. Elnozha, Heliopolis0000-0002-6455-7516Journal Article20191213Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder that increases bone fragility and risk of fractures. Current medications for treating osteoporosis are associated with osteonecrosis due to their anti-angiogenic effect that leads to ischaemic and necrotic changes.<br />Aim: The present research compared two new approaches in treating glucocorticoids induced osteoporosis in temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of albino rats; Microvesicles (MVs) and Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).<br />Materials and Methods: 39 adult female albino rats were divided into 3 groups. All rats were intraperitoneally injected once daily throughout the experimental period (60 days); 13 rats with 9% saline and 26 rats with dexamethasone (200μg/100 g body weight). After 30 days; the first group (control group) received a local injection of 1 ml PBS in TMJs of both sides. Half the dexamethasone injected rats were locally injected in the right side TMJs with 1x107/ml/week MVs (Microvesicles group). The remaining rats (Stem cells group) received 1 million MSCs/ ml/week. In the later 2 groups, the left side TMJs received 1 ml PBS injection (untreated sides). The osteogenic potential was examined histologically, by western blotting, ELISA and RT-PCR.<br />Results: Histologically; both sides from MSCs group exhibited abnormal configuration of the joint’s anatomy while a marked improvement of bone architecture in the microvesicles treated TMJs was detected. Treated sides in both groups (MVs, MSCs) showed a significant increase in osteogenic markers (ALP, BMP and RUNX-2) and a decrease in inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) as well as in RANKL expression as compared to untreated ones.<br />Conclusion: Microvesicles treated TMJs showed an enhanced pattern of bone regeneration confirmed by the higher mean bone area % as compared to MSCs group. On the contrary, MSCs treated TMJs showed a significantly elevated level of osteogenic markers; yet the osteogenic reactivity was very aggressive that caused deformity to the TMJ architecture.Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901Influence of Intramasseteric Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A on the Ipsilateral Submandibular Salivary Gland of Albino Rats8638776720810.21608/ejh.2020.20811.1212ENSafaa IsmailHusseinoral biology, faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0001-9278-2115Journal Article20191210Background: Botulinum toxins are used in treating involuntary muscle contraction such as hemifacial spasm and facial nerve palsy, hyperhidrosis or excessive saliva production. Minor side effects are reported like local hematoma, pain, dry mouth and viscous saliva. However; major complications may occur such as loss of motor head control and aspiration pneumonia. Some animal studies showed minimal histological changes. While, some authors have demonstrated significant structural and functional changes in the parotid gland of rats and the submandibular gland of rabbits after being injected with botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A).<br />Aim of the Study: To evaluate the effect of intramasseteric injection of BTX-A on the ipsilateral submandibular gland in Albino rats.<br />Materials and Methods: Fifty six adult male Albino rats were divided into four groups. Rats of group (I) and group (II) received intramasseteric injection of 0.05 ml or 0.1 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution respectively. Rats of group (III) and group (IV) received intra-masseteric injection of 2.5 units or 5 units of BTX-A respectively. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups according to the time of sacrifice which was at three or fourteen days. Sections of glands were stained by H&E and S100 protein antibody.<br />Results: Glands’ acini of group III and IV showed cytoplasmic vacuolations. Acini of group IV at fourteen days showed irregular outline with areas of complete degeneration. Duct system of both groups showed signs of degeneration.<br />Using immunohistochemical staining, group III and IV showed increased area percentage of positive reaction than control groups. Statistical analysis of acini diameter and area percentage of anti-S100 protein revealed significant increase in botox injected subgroups.<br />Conclusion: Intramasseteric injection with BTX-A was able to induce histological changes in submandibular gland of the ipsilateral side.Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901Ameliorating Effect of Alpha-lipoic Acid on Methotrexate-induced Histological and Biochemical Changes in The Lung of Adult Albino Rat8788906606510.21608/ejh.2019.19780.1202ENJoseph AzizِAnatomy and embryology department, faculty of medicine, Zagazig university0000-0002-5211-4064Abd-Elmawla ElsayedAidarosAnatomy and embryology department, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig universityAhmad FarajAliFaculty of medicine, ALjabal Algharbi universityMohamed AmedSabryAnatomy department, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig universityJournal Article20191118Background: Owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties, alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has been evaluated in a diversity of degenerative diseases and experimental toxicological studies.<br />Aim of the Work: This study was performed to assess the ability of ALA to reverse the histological and biochemical alterations that take place in the rat lungs after exposure to methotrexate.<br />Materials and Methods: This study was done using thirty-two male Wistar albino rats (180–220 g). The animals were divided into four equal groups. The control group: received distilled water by oral gavage for ten days and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with1 ml of physiologic saline (0.09% NaCl) solution on the fourth day. ALA group: received ALA (200 mg/kg once daily) dissolved in distilled water and given by oral gavage for ten days. Methotrexate (MTX) group: injected with a single dose of 20mg/kg MTX i.p. on the fourth day of the study. MTX+ALA group: received an oral dose of ALA (200 mg/kg) for ten days and a single dose of MTX (20mg /kg) i.p. on the fourth day. By the end of the experiment, all the animals were anaesthetized using phenobarbital 3%. Blood samples were collected to measure c-reactive protein (CRP). The lungs were dissected out and prepared for tissue homogenates, routine histological study and caspase-3 immunohistochemical evaluation.<br />Results: In the MTX group, there were high levels of CPR, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) with reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Lung sections revealed marked inflammatory cells infiltration, thickening of interalveolar septa, congested blood vessels, intrapulmonary hemorrhages, abundant collagen fibers and significant expression of caspase-3. In ALA+MTX group, there was an overt improvement in lung histoarchitecture. Additionally, SOD activity. CRP, MDA levels and caspase-3 expression were significantly less.<br />Conclusion: Administration of ALA can work against oxidative damage in the lung induced by MTX.Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901Possible Protective Effect of Melatonin on Cisplatin-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Adult Albino Rats. A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study8919016979410.21608/ejh.2020.21561.1221ENSoheir FilobbosHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Misr University for Science and Technology, EgyptNoha AminHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Misr University for Science and Technology, EgyptMira YacoubHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Misr University for Science and Technology, EgyptKhaled RagabAbd El_HakimDepartment of histology faculty of medicine misr university for sceince and technologyJournal Article20191227Introduction: Chemotherapy may result in temporary or permanent gonadal toxicity in male patients. Loss of fertility potential can be devastating to patients, especially, during the child-bearing period.<br />Aim of Work: The present study was planned to investigate the possible protective effect of melatonin, in a rat model of cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity.<br />Materials and Methods: Forty five adult male albino rats (180-200 grams each) were divided into four groups; Group I Control (n=15) received 0.9% sodium chloride and/or distilled water as a vehicle. Group II (n=10) were injected intraperitoneally (I.P.) with a single dose 7 mg/kg of cisplatin& were sacrificed after 10 days. Group III (n=10) received melatonin daily orally at a dose of 8 mg/kg/day for 10 days. Group IV (n=10); oral melatonin administration started 5 days before the single I.P. injection of cisplatin, followed by continuation of melatonin for further 10 days. Testicular sections were subjected to H&E, immunohistochemical staining for anti-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and anti-androgen receptor (AR).<br />Results: The study proved the protective effect of melatonin against testicular toxicity, when administered prior to and concomitant with cisplatin therapy; confirming the anti-oxidant potential of melatonin.<br />Conclusion: Our findings provide experimental evidence ensuring the protective effect of melatonin, when administered prior to, and concomitant with the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Meanwhile, melatonin administered alone seemed to induce injury to the testis.Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901Osteoinductive Potential And Bone Healing Capacity Of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite (nHA)Versus Biodentine Of Surgically Created Defects In Rabbits’ Alveolar Process (An Animal Study)9029174869510.21608/ejh.2019.16561.1164ENHeba MohammadHakamDepartment of Oral Histology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University. 11 El-Saraya St. - Manial - Cairo.0000-0002-2427-1695Rehab AliAbdel MoneimOral biology department, faculty of dentistry, Cairo university and Future university in Egypt0000-0003-4914-4876Mona FathyEl DeebOral Biology Department, Faculty of dentistry, Future University in Egypt.0000-0002-1339-4446Journal Article20190903Background: Bone defects resulting from trauma, tumor resection, infection, and congenital or acquired deformities remains an important clinical problem. Synthetic nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite, Nano bone, was successfully used in healing of bone defects without revealing negative side effects. Biodentine; a calcium-silicate based material was reported to have osteogenic and angiogenic properties.<br />Objectives: This study aims to investigate the initial osteoinductive potential of Nano Bone and Biodentine on surgically created defects in rabbit’s alveolar process.<br />Methods: 30 adult male rabbits (1-1.5kg) were used in this study. Bilateral bone defects were created in the mandibles of all rabbits, one in each side; the right sides were experimental, and the lefts were kept empty as control. Animals were then divided into two groups (15 rabbits each); Group I (Biodentine): The right-side defects were loaded with Biodentine material. Group II (Nano Bone): Nano Bone was packed in the right-side defects. Five rabbits were euthanized from each group at; 3, 7 and 14 days postoperatively. Bone defects’ specimens were prepared for histological examination by light microscope as well as quantitative analysis of gene expression of collagen1 alpha and Runx-2 by real time PCR.<br />Results: Biodentine had initiated osteogenesis; yet the newly formed bone was apparently of lesser quality than that formed with Nano Bone. Runx- 2 showed significant increase in Nano Bone compared to Biodentine at 1 week, while collagen1 alpha gene expression was significantly increased at all intervals.<br />Conclusion: Both Nano Bone and Biodentine had initiated osteogenesis. Nano bone showed better healing results when compared to Biodentine.Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901Biochemical and Histopathological Responses of Oreochromis Niloticus and Cyprinus Carpio to Sub-lethal Exposure of Ictacrune Pesticide9189306923810.21608/ejh.2020.21602.1224ENNasr MohamedAhmedNational Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, EgyptHala ElshahatGhannamNational Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, EgyptSafaa IsmailTayelNational Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20191230Aim of the work: Determining the negative impact of sub-lethal concentrations on biochemical and histological of Oreochromis niloticus and Cyprinus carpio.<br />Introduction: Ictacrune pesticide (Profenofos), is an organophosphate pesticide over the last two decades were used in agricultural for controlling pests. The toxicity of profenofos is the inhibition of the acetylcholine esterase activity resulting in neuro toxicity to aquatic vertebrates and humans.<br />Results and Discussion: Oreochromis niloticus and Cyprinus carpio were subjected to different concentrations (0.036 – 0.252 mg/l) and (0.0072-0.108 mg/l), respectively, of Ictacrune pesticide for 96 hours andthe lethal concentration (LC50)values of Ictacrune pesticide for the two studied fishes were 0.144 and 0.02662 mg/l Ictacrune, respectively, for 96 hours of exposure. The values of lipid, glucose, T. protein and albumin were significantly (P<0.05) decreased for Cyprinus carpio from (650.6, 85.5 mg/dl, 3.2 and1.5 g/dl, respectively), for control group to 255.3, 42.1 mg/dl, 2.15 and 0.95 g/dl and 158.15, 31.6 mg/dl, 2.15 and 0.85 g/dl after 45 days exposure for 0.25&0.50 LC50, while, O. niloticus (870.0, 88.50 mg/dl, 3.60 a3nd 1.90 g/dl, respectively for control group to 285.0, 55.9 mg/dl, 2.45 and 0.90 g/dl and 195.0, 44.55 mg/dl, 2.15 and 0.80 g/dl after 45 days exposure for 0.25&0.50 LC50 of Ictacrune pesticide. The values ALT, AST, urea and uric acid were significantly (P<0.05) increased for O. niloticus from 15.30, 33.24 IU/ml, 25.0 and 4.0 mg/dl, respectively, of control group to 51.70, 94.40 IU/ml, 162.90 and 21.90 mg/dl and 67.50, 112.35 IU/ml, 194.30 and 24.60 mg/dl, respectively, after 45 days exposure for 0.25&0.50 LC50 of Ictacrune pesticide. While as these values were significantly (P<0.05) increased for Cyprinus carpio, from (17.30, 39.24 IU/ml, 45.50 and 6.50 mg/dl), respectively, in control group to (87.50, 107.40 IU/ml, 123.10 and 25.50 mg/dl) and (92.75, 132.35 IU/ml, 142.80 and 30.90 mg/dl), respectively, after 45 days exposure for 0.25&0.5 LC50 of Ictacrune pesticide.<br />The histological examination of the liver, muscles and gills obtained from the two studied fishes exposed to Ictacrune pesticide for 45 days in present study revealed many alterations including, degeneration, necrosis, piknosis, congestion, edema, fibrosis, hyperplasia, curling, separation and hemorrhage. The degree of these alterations depended on dose and the period of Ictacrune pesticide exposure.<br />Conclusion: there is a direct relationship between pesticide exposure and histopathological alterations that observed in studied organs. The degree of these alterations depended on dose and the period of Ictacrune pesticide exposure.Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901Comparative Study on the Possible Protective Effect of Lepidium Sativum versus Teriparatide in Induced Osteoporosis in Adult Male Guinea Pigs9319476810610.21608/ejh.2020.18855.1193ENH. El-HarounMenoufia university, Faculty of Medicine, Histology Department0000-0002-9938-3907Maha SolimanHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine; Menoufia UniversityMona Abd ElmawlaSolimanHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine; Menoufia UniversityShimaa Abd El-GawadHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine; Menoufia UniversityJournal Article20191102Background: Osteoporosis is a major health problem. Teriparatide is a recombinant parathyroid hormone used as anti-osteoporotic therapy. Lepidium sativum (LS) is widely used as a traditional herbal therapy for hypertension, diabetes and renal disorders. The LS seeds are widely known as a good traditional alternative medication for fracture healing.<br />Objectives: Current research focused on evaluation of the Lepidium sativum versus teriparatide effect on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis<br />Materials and Methods: 60 adult male guinea pigs were randomly divided into six equal groups: control groupI (distilled water); LS treated group (300 mg/kg suspended in distilled water orally by gastric tube), teriparatide treated group (4 mcg/kg subcutaneously twice weekly), glucocorticoid treated group (3.5 mg/kg subcutaneously), teriparatide and glucocorticoids treated group and glucocorticoids and lepidium sativum treated group as pervious groups. At the end of the study, animals were anaesthetized and sacrificed. Femur bones of each animal were excised for histological and immunohistochemical studies (caspase-3 and osteoponotin).<br />Results: Glucocorticoids induced bone resorption manifested as resorption cavities, thickened periosteum associated with decreased and irregular cortical and trabecular bone thickness. Marked reduced irregular collagen fibers were detected by trichrome staining.<br />Immunohistochemically, this group showed positive immunoreactivity for caspase-3 in osteocytes and decrease in osteopontin deposits in bone matrix. Moreover, there was significant increase in number of osteoclasts associated with decrease in number of osteoblasts. Significant decrease in serum calcium level and increase in serum alkaline phosphatase were detected.<br />Administration of either teriparatide or Lipidium sativum with glucocorticoids improved biochemical, histological and morphometric bone changes. They reduced osteocytes apoptosis and osteoclasts increase. Lipidium sativum was more effective improving changes induced by glucocorticoids.<br />Conclusions: Glucocorticoids induced bone resorption. Despite the high cost of teriparatide, it did not achieve the desired protective effect. LS is cheap, available and its protective effect is promising with no adverse effectsEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901A Biochemichal and Ultrastructural Study on the Effect of Toluene on the Pars Distalis of Anterior Pituitary Glands of Adult Male Albino Rats94895912620710.21608/ejh.2020.21574.1222ENRasha R.SalemDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt0000-0002-6912-8235Melad NaimKeladaanatomy department, faculty of medicine , Alexandria university0000-0001-9065-4523.Journal Article20191227Background: Toluene is an environmental chemical pollutant and widely used as organic solvent and in production of many industrial products. It has systemic toxic effects on many organs as liver, kidney and the central nervous system and cause immune dysfunction. It can affect nerve myelination and cross the blood-brain barrier. Little is known about the exact effect of toluene exposure on the cells of anterior pituitary and no adequate studies were found about the effect of toluene on the morphological and histological structure of the pituitary cells.<br />Aim: To assess the ultra structural of the pars distalis after toluene exposure. And to correlate any biochemical changes with the histological alteration as a trial to know the possible mechanism behind these changes.<br />Materials and Methods: 20 adult male albino rats were divided into control group consisted of 10 rats and toluene exposed group 10 rats were exposed once a day to vapors of toluene (1000 ppm) for 15 minutes for 45 days. Blood samples were taken from the heart chambers of for assessment of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), adrencorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH) and prolactin. The anterior lobes of pituitary glands were immediately dissected out. Each specimen was separated into two parts; one processed and stained with hematoxylin & eosin and the other part was examined by electron microscope.<br />Results: Biochemical: in the toluene-exposed group there was significant reduction in plasma level of GH, TSH, FSH and LH hormones and non-significant reduction in ACTH prolactin.<br />Microscopic: the exposed group cells show complete loss of normal architecture in many areas and had vacuolated cytoplasm, shrunken asymmetrical nucleus with more thickened chromatin and few secretory granules.<br />Conclusion: The toluene exposure induced morphological changes in most of cells of pars distalis and their secreted hormonesEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055943320200901Evaluation of the Impact of Platelet Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid on Ketamine-Induced Cystitis in Albino Rats: A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study9609746202010.21608/ejh.2019.19045.1195ENNahla El-ErakyEl-azabHistology, faculty of medicine, benha university Egypt0000-0003-0889-9885Abeer MoustfaElmahalawaydepartment of histology and cell biology Benha faculty of medicine0000-0003-0814-1388Ola MostafaMohamedhistology, faculty of medicine, benha univirstyJournal Article20191109
Background: ketamine induced cystitis (KIC) is commonly occurred in ketamine abusing individuals. It is associated with damage in the lining of the bladder and lower urinary tract symptoms. Platelets rich plasma (PRP) is attractive therapeutic line in regenerative medicine. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has many beneficial therapeutic effects in treatment of different types of cystitis.<br />Objective: to evaluate the effect of PRP and HA on ketamine induced cystitis in adult male rats.<br />Materials and Methods: Forty- four adult male rats were divided into five groups: Group I: control rats. Group II: Ketamine group. Group III: Recovery group. Group IV: Ketamine and PRP treated group. Group V: Ketamine and HA treated group. Specimens from the body of the urinary bladder were processed and examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Morphometrical studies and statistical analysis were conducted.<br />Results: Groups II and III showed focal areas of degeneration and ulceration with apparently decreased thickness of the urothelium. Cellular infiltration and dilated congested blood vessels of the lamina propria were also observed. A significant increase of the collagen fibers in the lamina propria and between the muscle bundles. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) immunoreaction was significantly increased but there was a non-significant increase of antiproliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunopositive nuclei among urothelium and a significant decrease of desmin, compared to group I. Groups III and IV showed improvement of most of the histological and immunohistochemical changes described before.<br />Conclusion: The intravesical injection of PRP and HA provide a positive impact on treatment of KIC. HA therapy is a more efficient mean as it provides a better improvement in healing of urothelium and promotes more rapid tissue regeneration.