Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055940220170601Role of Different Doses of Vitamin E in Protection Against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Damage in Adult Male Albino Rat: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study129140411710.21608/EJH.2017.4072ENAzza AwadAboRayaDepartment of Histology Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptMarwa A.IbrahimDepartment of Histology Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptHabib A.QureshiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Collage of Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20170223Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common diseases in the world. It is essential to find an efficient natural protective agent against the myocardial damage.<br />Aim: To determine the protective role of different doses of vitamin E against isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage.<br />Material and Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into four main groups: Control group (I), vitamin E-treated group (II) equally divided into 2 subgroups; subgroup (IIa) received Vit E (50mg/kg) and subgroup (IIb) received Vit E (100mg/kg) for one month, isoproterenol-treated group (III) received 3ml normal saline orally for one month and isoproterenol (150mg/kg) intraperitoneally (IP) in the last two days of that month. Vitamin E and isoproterenol-treated group (IV) equally divided into two subgroups; Subgroup (IVa) received vitamin E (50mg/kg) orally for one month and isoproterenol (150mg/kg) IP in the last two days of that month and subgroup (IVb) received vitamin E (100mg/kg) orally for one month and isoproterenol (150mg/kg) IP in the last two days of that month. Heart specimens were processed for light and electron microscopic studies.<br />Results: Rats injected by isoproterenol developed structural changes in the myocardium in the form of fragmentation of the myofibrils, vacuolated destroyed mitochondria, dilated SER, intracellular and extracellular edema and interstitial mononuclear cellular infiltration. Animals pretreated with vitamin E at a dose of 50mg/kg before injection of isoproterenol revealed minimal protection as they showed myocardial damage similar to isoproterenol-treated group. While animals pretreated with vitamin E at a dose of 100 mg/kg before injection of isoproterenol showed minimal microscopic alterations of the myocardium with preservation of the normal structure of the cardiac myocytes.<br />Conclusion: Vitamin E at a high dose (100mg/kg) has a protective role on myocardium against isoproterenol- induced myocardial damage.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_4117_073d0df13e4a444dfa6c62f2afa55fe4.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055940220170601The Possible Role of Propolis in Ameliorating Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Sciatic Nerve of Adult Male Albino Rats141155411810.21608/EJH.2017.4073ENAmira A.KassabHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.0000-0002-3518-569XHeba H.ElkalinyHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.Journal Article20161226Background: Paclitaxel is a neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agent. The sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy is a serious dose limiting complication of paclitaxel therapy. Propolis is a natural honeybee product collected from plants. It has broad biological and pharmacological activities and a proposed neuroprotective role.<br />Aim: To assess the possible protective role of propolis on paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in rat's sciatic nerve.<br />Material and Methods: Twenty-four adult male albino rats were divided into four equal groups; control group, propolis-treated group (50 mg/kg orally once daily), paclitaxel -treated group (16 mg/kg intraperitoneally once a week), and both paclitaxel & propolis-treated group. Animals were treated for 5 consecutive weeks. Specimens of sciatic nerve were processed for histological study by light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical study was carried out using CD68 antibody. Morphometric study and statistical analysis of light microscopic data were performed for all groups.<br />Results: Compared to the control group, the sciatic nerve specimens of the paclitaxel-treated rats showed splitting of myelin lamellae with infolded myelin loops, together with invagination and evagination of the myelin sheath. Changes in the axons included formation of myelin figures, compression and irregularity. Schwann cells showed cytoplasmic vacuolation and dilated rER. Immunohistochemical study revealed a significant increase in the number of CD68 positive cells. On the other hand, minimal changes were observed in rats treated concomitantly with both paclitaxel and propolis, with a non-significant increase in CD68 positive cells.<br />Conclusion: Paclitaxel induced structural changes in the myelinated fibers of sciatic nerve of albino rats. The concomitant treatment with propolis ameliorated these changes.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_4118_c7a2670c06689f09559b1f556ed59797.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055940220170601The Possible Protective Role of Ginger Extract Versus Vitamin E Against Simvastatin-Induced Skeletal Myotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats: Histological, Physiological and Biochemical Study156168411910.21608/EJH.2017.4074ENKawther M.Abdel HamidHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptAsmaa FathiAbdel MolaHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptFatma Y.MeligyHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptEman S. H.Abd AllahMedical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptJournal Article20160830Introduction: Statins are group of drugs used to reduce total and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol level and to reduce the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. Meanwhile, induced skeletal muscle- specific mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress and myotoxicity are serious side effects . Vitamin E and ginger extract are well known potent antioxidants.<br />Aim: To study the possible protective effect of ginger extract versus vitamin E against simvastatin- induced skeletal muscle histological and the associated biophysiological changes.<br />Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (10 rats, each).; Group 1: was the control rats. Group 2: received 0.54 mg/kg/day simvastatin orally for 8 weeks. Group 3: received concomitant treatment of simvastatin and 30 mg/kg/day vitamin E orally for 8 weeks. Group 4 received concomitant treatment of simvastatin and 500mg/kg/day ginger extract orally for 8 weeks. After sacrifice, specimens were taken from the belly of the quadriceps femoris muscles of all animal groups and processed for light and electron microscopy. Biochemical tests and statistical analysis were done.<br />Results: Group 2 showed focal areas of muscle fiber loss, mononuclear cellular infiltration and variable staining density. Ultra structurally, myofibrillar degeneration and accumulation of numerous giant infrequently damaged mitochondria were observed. The skeletal muscle fibers of animals from group 3 and group 4, both were markedly improved. Group 4 revealed obviously normal mitochondria.<br />Conclusion: Administration of simvastatin for 8 weeks induced histological, physiological and biochemical skeletal myotoxic effects. These effects were greatly ameliorated by concomitant administration vitamin E or ginger extract. Ginger extract was more effective.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_4119_7914f88f57ba2a52a3049a830eb043a0.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055940220170601Transplanted Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate The Acute Renal Injury Induced by Cisplatin in Rats169183412010.21608/EJH.2017.4075ENAbd Eltawab SakrHistology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University,Wagih Abd ElhaiHistology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University,Asmaa Abo ZeidHistology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityHaytham AliHistology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University,Journal Article20170219Background: Traditional therapeutic strategies used for the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) proved to be less effective in reducing the morbidity and mortality rate. Recently, stem cell therapy showed a promise for treatment of this complex disorder.<br />Aim: To investigate the therapeutic role of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) in treatment of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity as a model of AKI.<br />Material and Methods: Twenty adult female Wister rats were divided equally into four groups. Group I was the control, the other three groups received a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (5 mg /kg), where group II were sacrificed after one day from cisplatin injection, group III were sacrificed after seven days from cisplatin injection and group IV received adult male rat AD-MSCs (2x106 cells/rat) in tail vein one day after cisplatin injection and were sacrificed seven days after cisplatin injection.<br />Results: The histopathological changes in the renal cortex were more obviously detected in group III than in group II. These changes include congested and shrunken glomeruli, dilated Bowman's space and loss of proximal convoluted tubules brush borders. Moreover, distal tubular cells showed cytoplasmic vacuolization, with pyknotic nuclei and presence of intraluminal hyaline casts. Interstitial collagen deposition was also noticed. In group IV, AD-MSCs administration almost restores the renal histological architecture. Increased tubular cell proliferation with marked reduction of the interstitial inflammation and fibrosis were also detected. However, some renal glomeruli and tubules showed degenerative changes. Male rat derived-stem cells were detected in the female kidney tissue by Y chromosome PCR technique.<br />Conclusion: Administration of AD-MSCs had a potential regenerative effect for the management of AKI.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_4120_a7d00aaf59a63027e3fe49d3a60a4cbe.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055940220170601Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Induced Photoaging in the Skin of Adult Guinea Pig: Histological and Immunohistochemical Study184200412110.21608/EJH.2017.4076ENSomaya A.MohammedHistology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptNevert F.Abd El SalamHistology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptNagwa K.KallenyHistology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptNevine BahaaHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, EgyptJolly M.W.LabibHistology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20170325Introduction: The term photoaging describes the sun damaging effects on skin mainly due to chronic ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. The unsatisfactory results of the available anti-aging strategies raise the demand for alternative forms of treatments. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are available in abundant quantities, harvested by a minimally invasive procedure, safely transplanted and differentiated along multiple cell lineages. Subsequently, used in treatment of many diseases.<br />Aim: To assess the potential ability of ASCs to ameliorate skin changes induced by chronic exposure to artificial light source similar to the sun rays in its UVA and UVB spectrum in adult female guinea pigs.<br />Material and Methods: Adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from subcutaneous white adipose tissue of five adult human donors undergoing elective liposuction surgery. Twenty adult female guinea pigs were used and were randomly divided into two groups each was subdivided into two subgroups "five animals, each". Subgroup IA served as the control group. Subgroup IB was intradermally injected with phosphate buffered saline solution. Subgroup IIA served as the photoaging model. Subgroup IIB served as the photoaging model intradermaly injected with ASCs. Isolated stem cells were cultured and characterized. Skin specimens were prepared and examined using different histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Morphometric and statistical studies were also performed.<br />Results: Subgroup IIA showed various UV damaging effects in the skin epidermis and dermis, while ASCs injection in subgroup IIB resulted in partial restoration of the skin structure.<br />Conclusion: Intradermal injection of ASCs partially ameliorated the photo-damaging effects. Further studies are needed before ASCs clinical application.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_4121_a9b3f9dbaaeb7092e220375961cfbaae.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055940220170601The Potential Protective Role of Hesperidin Against Capecitabine-Induced Corneal Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rat. Light and Electron Microscopic Study201215412210.21608/EJH.2017.4077ENWalaa M.ElwanDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptAmira A.KassabDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt0000-0002-3518-569XJournal Article20161014Background: Capecitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used for the treatment of malignancies. Ocular disorders have been reported with capecitabine therapy. Hesperidin is a naturally occurring compound derived mainly from citrus fruits and has a wide range of pharmacological activities and a proposed role in combating many ocular diseases.<br />Aim: To evaluate the potential protective role of hesperidin against the corneal toxicity caused by capecitabine in adult male albino rats.<br />Material and Methods: Thirty-six adult male albino rats were divided into four equal groups; control group, hesperidin-treated group (50 mg/kg), capecitabine-treated group (40 mg/kg), and combination-treated "capecitabine and hesperidin–treated" group. Animals were orally administered once daily for one month. Specimens from the cornea were processed for light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical study was performed using antibodies against p53.<br />Results: Specimens from capecitabine-treated animals showed significant decrease of epithelial thickness. The corneal epithelial cells showed nuclear alteration and vacuolated cytoplasm. The stromal collagen fibers were irregularly-arranged and widely separated with neovascularization and mononuclear cellular infiltration. Ultrastructurally, focal widening of the intercellular spaces, partial loss of desmosomal junctions and swollen mitochondria were observed. The immunohistochemical study showed a significant increase in p53 immunoreaction. In contrast, minimal changes were observed in rats treated concomitantly with both capecitabine and hesperidin, with a non significant increase in the immunoreactions.<br />Conclusion: Capecitabine induced structural changes in cornea of adult albino rat that could be ameliorated by concomitant treatment with hesperidin.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_4122_91372c84a8f2742ff188742c067576ec.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055940220170601Comparative Study on The Safety of Aspartame and Stevia on The Adrenal-Pituitary Axis of Adult Male Albino Rats: Histological and Immunohistochemical Study216225412310.21608/EJH.2017.4078ENNesreen G.AbdelhaliemHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.Doha S.MohamedHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptJournal Article20160531Introduction: Aspartame is the most widely used artificial sweeteners. Stevia is a worldwide natural sweetener plant with medicinal and commercial importance. Stress responses are mediated both in the central and peripheral nervous system. The principal effectors of the stress response are localized in the hypothalamus, the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and the adrenal gland. This is commonly referred to as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.<br />Aim: To compare the effect of aspartame and stivea on the pituitary adrenal axis.<br />Material and Methods: A total of 30 adult male albino rats were equally divided into three groups. Group I was the Control Group. Group II (ASP Group) received aspartame (ASP), at daily oral dose 250 mg/kg for 4 weeks. .Group III (stevia Group) received stevia at daily oral dose 250 mg/kg for 4 weeks.<br />Results: : In aspartame-treated group there was apoptosis of zona fasciculata cells with subsequent corticotrophic hyperplasia. In stevia treated groups minimal changes were observed with no significant changes in number of corticotrophes.<br />Conclusion: As a natural sweetener, stevia is safer than aspartame on the adrenal pituitary axis.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_4123_9114f05f7dc1f9d4e5e9bd0656f5ddad.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055940220170601Development of Human Umbilical Vessels in The Second Trimester of Pregnancy: Histological, Immunohistochemical and Morphometric Study226240412410.21608/ejh.2017.4124ENNagwa EbrahimEI-NefiawyDepartment of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20161226Introduction: There are many publications describing structure of full term umbilical vessels, however, few studies in early gestation.<br />Aim: To elucidate changes in microstructure of developing umbilical vessels in the second trimester of pregnancy.<br />Material and Methods: Twelve specimens of human umbilical cords were obtained from legal termination of uncomplicated pregnancies at gestational weeks 13, 16, and 20. Two centimeter segments of the cords were cut near the placenta. Specimens were processed for paraffin blocks, sectioned, and stained with haematoxylin & eosin, Masson Trichrome, Orcein, and Periodic Acid Schiff. Immunohistochemistry for alpha smooth muscle actin & laminin antibodies was performed. Morphometry and image analysis for vascular wall thickness & diameter of lumen, and diameter of umbilical cord were done.<br />Results: Umbilical cord sections revealed two arteries (UA) and one vein (UV) embedded in Wharton’s jelly and covered with amniotic epithelium formed of flat then cuboidal epithelium. Umbilical vessels composed of inner intima and outer media. Endothelium demonstrated areas of damage and adhesion of inflammatory cells. Internal elastic lamina was thin, interrupted initially, double layered, and well-developed finally. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) migrated from vascular lumen or from media by a process of mesenchymal-endothelial transition to replace injured endothelium. The media was composed of immature SMCs initially (thin (morphometry), non-contractile, non-secretory as proved by different stains and collagen content. Wharton’s jelly spindle shaped mesenchymal cells close to vessels revealed positive staining for alpha smooth muscle actin and contributed to the media to compensate for SMC migration. UAs showed thicker wall, narrower lumen than veins and cord diameter increased significantly at the 20 week.<br />Conclusion: Development of umbilical vessels was the result of a continuous remodeling process initiated by secreted endothelial factors from damaged endothelium that influenced; SMCs of media, stem cells of cord blood and Wharton’s jelly simulating early events of atherosclerosis.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_4124_8105831c61e1b1607f4138ab8bcfcd9f.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055940220170601Can Goji Berry Extract Attenuate Pancreatic Structural Changes Induced by Patulin Toxin in Male Albino Rats?241252412510.21608/EJH.2017.4080ENNesreen GamalSolimanDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egyptnesreengamal2000@Journal Article20161209Introduction: Patulin is considered the most common mycotoxins in moldy fruits especially apples and its products like juice and compote. Goji berry (lycium barbarum fruit) is a traditional Chinese herb. It has several biological activities as antioxidant, anti-aging and hypoglycemic properties.<br />Aim: To demonstrate the toxic effect of patulin on the pancreatic tissue and to evaluate the possible role of goji extract.<br />Material and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided equally into four groups. Group I served as the control group. Group II received subcutaneous injection of 2 ml/kg/day goji extract for four weeks. Group III received subcutaneous injection of patulin 0.2 mg/kg/day for four weeks. Group IV received patulin and goji extract with the same previous doses for four weeks. Histological and immunohistochemical studies were done.<br />Results: The administration of patulin led to degenerative changes in the pancreas. There was a significant increase in caspase-3 positive cells in both acini and islets of Langerhans. Ultrastructural examination revealed heterochromatic nuclei, cytoplasmic vacuoles and few secretory granules in acinar cells. The β cells of the islets exhibited a significant decrease in the area percentage and intensity of insulin positive cells. Goji extract could effectively improve these histological changes.<br />Conclusion: Patulin toxicity affected both exocrine acini and β cells of islets of Langerhans. The goji extract had a protective role on this toxicity.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_4125_5a35ecc32c5ea24089f68fab1692e94d.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055940220170601Does Olive Oil Attenuate Ciprofloxacin-Induced Renal Cortical Toxicity? Light and Electron Microscopic Study253264412610.21608/EJH.2017.4081ENAmany El-HawwaryHistology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura UniversityNahla SarhanHistology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura UniversityJournal Article20170114Introduction: Ciprofloxacin (CPFX) is a broad spectrum antibiotic used for treatment of many infections. Olive oil is rich in compounds that have strong antioxidant activity.<br />Aim: To assess CPFX-induced renal cortical structural changes in albino rats and to evaluate whether or not olive oil could attenuate such changes.<br />Materials and Methods: Thirty two male albino rats were used and divided into 4 groups. Control group received distilled water, OO group received olive oil (5ml/kg/day), CPFX group received CPFX (20 mg/kg/day) and CPFX+OO group received both CPFX and olive oil as the previous groups. All medications were continued for 14 days. Renal cortex specimens were processed for light and electron microscopy. Morphometric study and statistical analysis for the results were also performed.<br />Results: CPFX group revealed irregularity and shrinkage of renal corpuscles with loss of vascular component and capsular space obliteration. The mesangial cells were significantly increased. The renal tubules showed dilatation with significant increase in proximal convoluted tubules diameter, marked degeneration, significant increase in the darkly stained nuclei of their lining cells and intraluminal casts. Congested glomerular capillaries and peritubular blood vessels were also observed. Ultrastructurally, there were thickening of glomerular basement membrane, fusion of glomerular capillary endothelium and podocyte pedicles. Cytoplasmic empty areas and vacuolations, swollen mitochondria, nuclear changes were also found in the tubules. CPFX + OO group showed less structural changes.<br />Conclusion: Olive oil has ameliorating effect on ciprofloxacin-induced renal cortical toxicity.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_4126_4832b2304029d07fafa1a6d2bb86c60c.pdf