Egyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055941120180301Ultrastructural, histochemical and biochemical effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on adult male albino rat liver and possible prophylactic effects of milk thistle seeds110784110.21608/EJH.2018.7517ENEman E.Abu-DiefDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptHekmat Abdel-AzizDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptEman K.Nor-EldinDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptKamal M.Khalilof Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptEman E.RagabDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptJournal Article20180606Introduction: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Tio2 NPs) are manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications. TiO2 NPs proved to damage liver function and induce an oxidative stress attack leading to liver toxicity. Milk thistle is an herbal supplement used to treat liver and biliary disorders. Silymarin, an active ingredient of milk thistle, is a strong antioxidant that promotes liver cell regeneration and stabilizes cell membranes.<br />Aim: To investigate the biochemical, the histological and the histochemical changes in the liver after administration of different doses of Tio2 NPs and to evaluate the possible protective role of Milk thistle against these effects.<br />Materials and Methods: Fifty adult male rats were divided into five groups; group I control, groups IIa and IIIa injected IP by 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg TiO2 for 2 weeks, respectively and groups IIb and 111b treated by oral milk thistle 4 weeks; one week prior, 2 weeks concomitant with IP 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg TiO2, respectively and the forth week after injection. Thereafter, rats were sacrificed and liver as well as blood samples were collected for estimation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALPs). Liver samples were processed for examination by TEM and immunohistochemical staining with P53 and PCNA antibodies counted statistically positive cells.<br />Results: There was an increase in ALT and ALPs activities. Groups 11a and 111a treated by TiO2 showed signs of apoptosis and degeneration in the hepatocytes with nuclear changes and a significant increase in P53 and PCNA antibodies positive cells. These changes were ameliorated by concomitant injection with milk thistle with TiO2 in groups IIb and IIIb.<br />Conclusion: The alterations observed might be an indication of hepatocyte injury due to TiO2 NPs toxicity that interacts with proteins and enzymes in hepatic tissue leading to generation of reactive oxygen species induce hepatocytes apoptosis. Milk thistle, has a hepatoprotective effect probably by its antioxidant effect.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_7841_8136f7c162e0160e58ffe1970e1d41b0.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055941120180301Effect of a caffeinated energy drink and its withdrawal on the submandibular salivary gland of adult male albino rats: A histological and immunohistochemical study1126784210.21608/EJH.2018.7518ENAmira A.KassabDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt0000-0002-3518-569XSadika MTawfikDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptJournal Article20180606Introduction: Energy drinks provide the consumer witha combination of stimulants and energy boosters that increases the physical endurance, concentration, muscular performance and mood. Despite their benefits, many health hazards occur that may be attributed to its caffeine content.<br />Aim: To study the effect of a caffeinated energy drink on the histological structure of submandibular salivary gland of albino rats and evaluation of the effect of its withdrawal.<br />Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into 3 equal groups: control group, group II (received the energy drink in a dose 3.75 ml/Kg daily orally for 8 weeks), group III (received the energy drink in a dose 3.75 ml/Kg daily orally for 8 weeks, and left for another 8 weeks without treatment). The submandibular salivary gland specimens were taken and prepared for light and electron microscopic study and immunohistochemical staining for myoepithelial cells using anti α-SMA antibody.<br />Results: Specimens from group II showed disturbance of the normal structure of the submandibular salivary glands. The lining epithelium of the acini and ducts showed cytoplasmic vacuoles with compressed or pyknotic nuclei. Disturbance of the basal striation of the cells lining striated ducts. There was deposition of abundant collagen fibers between the lobules and around the acini and ducts. A statistically highly significant increase in α-SMA immunoreaction was noticed around the acini, intercalated, striated and granular ducts. Ultrastructurally, fusion of the secretory granules, swollen mitochondria, dilatation and fragmentation of rough endoplasmic reticulum of the acinar cells were observed. Amelioration of the previous histological changes was detected in group III after withdrawal of the caffeinated energy drink.<br />Conclusion: The caffeinated energy drink induced structural changes in the submandibular salivary gland of Albino rats which were partially ameliorated by its withdrawal. So, excessive intake of the caffeinated energy drinks should be considered as health hazard for human.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_7842_dee572d86011804af8d53aa2912a0413.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055941120180301Effect of long-term administration of metanil yellow on the structure of cerebellar cortex of adult male albino rat and the possible protective role of anise oil: A histological and immunohistochemical study2738784310.21608/EJH.2018.7519ENWalaa M.ElwanDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptJournal Article20180606Introduction: Metanil yellow is used as a colorant in many food processing industries. It has toxic effects on some organs in humans and animals. Anise oil, an essential oil of the flowering plant Pimpinella anisum L., possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities and a proposed role in combating some neurological disorders.<br />ِِِAim: To study the effect of long term administration of metanil yellow on the structure of cerebellar cortex of adult male Albino rats and to evaluate the possible protective role of anise oil.<br />Materials and Methods: Forty-five adult male albino rats were divided into four groups; Group I (control), group II further divided into two subgroups (a and b) that received anise oil (0.5ml/kg) orally for four and eight weeks, respectively., Group III also divided into two subgroups (a and b) orally administered metanil yellow (200 mg/kg) for four and eight weeks, respectively. Alike, group IV divided into subgroups (a and b) received both anise oil and metanil yellow at the same dose, route and duration as in groups II and III, respectively. Specimens from the cerebellar cortex were processed for light microscopy. Immunohistochemical study was carried out using antibodies against active caspase-3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).<br />Results: Specimens from metanil yellow-treated animals showed a high significant decrease in the mean number of Purkinje cells, which appeared shrunken, distorted and surrounded by large vacuolar spaces. Some of their nuclei were shrunken and deeply stained, while others were fragmented. The molecular and granular layers displayed prominent perineuronal spaces. Immunohistochemically, highly significant increases in active caspase-3 and GFAP immunoreactions were observed. In contrast, minimal changes were observed in rats treated concomitantly with metanil yellow and anise oil.<br />Conclusion: Metanil yellow-induced structural changes in cerebellar cortex of adult rat that could be ameliorated by concomitant treatment with anise oil.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_7843_c559a4b9a7e975c045a87cab7a1fefc7.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055941120180301Histological study of the possible protective action of omega-3-fatty acids on the injurious effect induced by Bisphenol A on rat hippocampus3954784410.21608/EJH.2018.7520ENHekmat O.Abd ElazizDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, EgyptEssam M.LaagDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptJournal Article20180606Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known industrial chemical, has adverse effects on the brain even at relatively low exposure levels in rodents, primates and humans. Omega-3-fatty acids participate in a number of neuronal processes including neurogenesis, neuron differentiation, and neuro-protection.<br />Aim of the work: To investigate the possible protective action of omega-3-fatty acids on the injurious histological effect induced by Bisphenol A on rat hippocampus.<br />Materials and Methods: Eighteen adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 equal groups; control, BPA (1.2mg/kg daily for 3 weeks, intraperitoneally) and the third group were given omega-3 (300mg/kg orally) in addition to BPA in the aforementioned dose and duration. Hippocampus sections were processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining, GFAB staining and electron microscopic examination.<br />Results: BBPA administration resulted into several histological alterations. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells were more abundant in the hippocampus of<br />BPA-treated animals compared with the control animals. Ultra-structurally, the hippocampus of BPA-treated group showed nerve cells having nuclei with irregular outline and dilated perinuclear envelop, dilated RER and Golgi, swollen mitochondria with destroyed cristae. Some of the myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers showed degenerative changes. Concomitant administration of omega-3- fatty acids ameliorated these effects.<br />Conclusions: OOmega-3-fatty acids partially minimized the severity of BPA- induced<br />hippocampus injurious histological effects in Wistar rat.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_7844_7dc1b0d95fd90bcdaea6d41a45e6a37d.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055941120180301Cardiac troponin T3: A distinguishing parameter between contractile and conducting cardiac fibers in adult male mice5560784510.21608/EJH.2018.7521ENMohamed E.Ali KhalifaDepartment of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptNesma I.El-NaseeryDepartment of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20180606Introduction: Cardiac diseases can affect the contractile and/or conductive cardiac muscle cells. Recently, the microscopic examination of the subendocardial biopsy is being used in the diagnosis of some cardiac lesions. However, the routine staining cannot differentiate between different types of cardiac fibers.<br />Aim of the work: The present study aims to illustrate the use of anti-cardiac troponin-T3 (cTnT3) immunostaining as a recent tool to distinguish between the contractile and conducting fibers.<br />Materials and Methods: Specimens from both left ventricular wall and interventricular septum were obtained from 6 healthy adult male mice. These specimens were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at 4⁰C and processed for paraffin sections. Then, 3 μm thick sections were stained with H&E and anti-cTnT3 antibody and were examined under light microscope. The optical density of the cTnT3 staining affinity of the cardiac fibers was measured morphometrically and the values were statistically analyzed.<br />Results: Examination of H&E stained sections of the left ventricular wall and interventricular septum revealed homogenous staining of all cardiac fibers with an undetectable difference among them. While examination of the immunostained sections with anti-cTnT3 revealed different affinities: the majority of fibers expressed high- positive staining affinity while other fibers had a low or no staining affinity. The high- positive staining affinity was in the form of cytoplasmic transverse dark brownish striations in longitudinally oriented cardiac fibers. The fibers which expressed a low or no staining affinity were either singly scattered especially in the left ventricular wall or grouped in the subendocardial regions of the interventricular septum. Statistically, the optical density values of a low or no staining affinity cardiac fibers were significantly lower (2.5±0.01) than high positive staining affinity cardiac fibers (3.04±0.19).<br />Conclusion: Immunostaining with anti-cTnT3 staining could be added to the routine staining in the examination of cardiac biopsies.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_7845_e31864bcfce4ff176b5a8660f5598570.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055941120180301Impact of omega-3 fatty acids on evolution of carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4) induced liver cirrhosis in mice : A histological and immunohistochemical study6172784610.21608/EJH.2018.7522ENEman Abu-DiefDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptDoha MohammedDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptNesreen Abd El-HaliemDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptSherine MohammedDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptAshraf M.El-BadryDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptJournal Article20180606hepatic architecture. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are common antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agents<br />Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of omega-3 fatty acids on experimentally induced cirrhosis.<br />Materials and Methods: 60 animals were divided into three groups: Group I (control): 10 animals, group II: 25 animals treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and Group III : 25 animals treated with CCl4 then with omega-3 concomitant with CCl4 for additional two weeks after induction of cirrhosis. Body weight and liver weight coefficient were measured. Liver samples were taken for histological and immunohistochemical studies.<br />Results: Omega-3 fatty acids treatment attenuated the CCl4 induced cirrhosis. Histological studies revealed that it decreased the stage of fibrosis, and the grade of the necroinflammatory changes. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that apoptotic changes diminished in cirrhotic livers after treatment with omega-3 fatty acids with a significant decrease in the cleaved caspase-3 index. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in the number of macrophages, and hepatic stellate cells activation.<br />Conclusion: Our results suggest that omega-3 fatty acids have an anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects on CCl4 induced liver cirrhosis in mice.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_7846_51e8ce23fa35dc2399afdf0870dc8f18.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055941120180301Histological and immunohistochemical study of the possible protective effect of folic acid on the methotrexate- induced cardiac muscle toxicity in male albino rats7382784710.21608/EJH.2017.7523ENDoha S.MohamedHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptEman K.Nor-EldinDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptJournal Article20180606Introduction: Methotrexate is widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent in cancers, ectopic pregnancies and rheumatic arthritis. Folic acid is found in dark green leafy vegetables. Methotrexate is folic acid antagonist that prevents its conversion to tetrahydro folic acid.<br />Aim: This research aimed to study the protective effect of folic acid on the histological changes produced by methotrexate in cardiac muscles.<br />Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into three equal groups. Group I (control group) 10 rats injected intraperitoneally with saline. Group II rats were intraperitoneally injected with methotrexate at a dose of 5mg/kg/day for one month. Group III: were intraperitoneally injected with methotrexate at a dose of (5mg/kg/day) with concomitant oral folic acid at a dose of (0.1mg/kg/day) for one month. After 24 hrs of the last dose, the animals were dissected. Hearts were processed for haematoxyline and eosine stain, immunohistochemical stains and electron microscopic examination.<br />Results: Both degenerative and apoptotic changes were observed in the cardiac muscles in the methotrexte-treated group, these changes were attenuated by administration of folic acid.<br />Conclusion: Folic acid is beneficial to the cardiac muscles during methotrexate treatment and should be used concomitant with methotrexate treatment.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_7847_178f37c4ea1ded8f8d095f2647d96328.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055941120180301Effect of Avocado pulp extract on chlorpyrifos-induced thyroid gland injury in rats: A histological and morphometric study8392784810.21608/EJH.2018.7524ENAmira A.KassabHistology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.0000-0002-3518-569XMona El-AasrDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptJournal Article20180606Introduction: Chlorpyrifos is a broad-spectrum insecticide with widespread usage in agricultural fields despite its toxic effects on human health. Avocado is a highly valuable fruit proven to have curative and preventive role in numerous diseases.<br />Aim: To evaluate the protective role of avocado pulp extract on chlorpyrifos-induced injury on the thyroid gland in rats.<br />Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four equal groups; control group, avocado-treated group (300 mg/kg), chlorpyrifos-treated group (5.4 mg/kg), and both avocado- and chlorpyrifos-treated group. Doses were given orally, daily for 4 consecutive weeks. Specimens of the thyroid gland were processed for histological and immunohistochemical examinations. A morphometric study and statistical analysis of the findings were performed for different groups.<br />Results: Compared to the control group, the specimens of the chlorpyrifos-treated rats showed degenerated follicles with exfoliated follicular cells in the lumen. Increased amount of collagen fibers and decreased PAS-reaction were observed. Immunohistochemistry showed a significant increase in caspase-3 immunoexpression. The mean height of the thyroid follicular epithelial cells was significantly decreased with significant decrease in area of colloid. In contrast, minimal changes appeared in the group treated concomitantly with both avocado and chlorpyrifos.<br />Conclusion: Avocado pulp extract exerted an excellent role in protecting the thyroid gland from chlorpyrifos injurious-effects in rats.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_7848_78b3408a9b04bcecce166d12892685b2.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055941120180301Therapeutic mechanisms of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in methotrexate-induced parotid lesion in adult rats and possible role of telocytes: A histological study93107784910.21608/EJH.2018.7525ENAbeer IbraheemOmarDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-1043-5513Marwa M.YousryDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptEman A.FaragDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-4722-1623Journal Article20180606Background: Worldwide, Methotrexate (MTX) is used to treat neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases despite its severe side-effects. One of these adverse effects is salivary dysfunction that can aggravate MTX mucotoxic effects. Such effects interfere with the patients’ quality of life and increase morbidities and mortalities. Available treatments for salivary dysfunction have many drawbacks. Mobilization of bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells (BMHSCs) by human Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) used in many diseases showed promising results.<br />Aim of the work: To detect the therapeutic effect of G-CSF on MTX-induced parotid lesion highlighting its possible mechanisms and the role of telocytes.<br />Materials and Methods: Forty-one albino rats were divided into 3 groups; control, MTX and Neupogen-treated groups. All animals were weighed and sacrificed after 6 days. Parotid homogenates of 6 rats from each group were used to measure total protein concentration, amylase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) value. The right parotids of the remaining animals of each group were processed to Paraffin blocks while, the left ones were processed to resin blocks. Paraffin sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and immunohistochemical stains for CD34 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFR-α) as well as resin semithin and ultrathin sections were examined. Body weight, biochemical results, number of immune-positive cells, difference between numbers of CD34+ and PDGFR-α+ cells (stem cells number), acini and ducts numbers and diameters were statistically analysed.<br />Results: MTX group revealed diarrhoea, decreased body weight in addition to, degenerated acinar and ductal cells, and telocytes. However, Neupogen-treated group demonstrated almost normal histological features. Immunohistochemically, the treated group showed significant increase in CD34+ cells, PDGFR-α + cells and stem cells number versus MTX group.<br />Conclusions: G-CSF had a therapeutic effect on MTX-induced parotid degeneration through its direct effects, BMHSCs mobilization and telocytes preservation.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_7849_d19ad9508f78025c3c6736e432f13106.pdfEgyptian Society of Histology and Cytology in Cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).Egyptian Journal of Histology1110-055941120180301Effect of mobile phone electromagnetic waves on rat testis and the possible ameliorating role of Naringenin : A histological study108121785010.21608/EJH.2018.7526ENEman AbasFaragDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-4722-1623Marwa MohamedYousryDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-6354-908XJournal Article20180606Introduction: With increasing the use of cell phones, the interest of examining the hazards that could affect health of people, which may or may not lead to cancer, infertility, or birth defects, was elevated. Recently, a natural flavonoid compound, Naringenin (NG) had received considerable attention as an antioxidant.<br />Aim of the work: Evaluating the effects of mobile phone use on the testes of adult rats, the progress of spontaneous recovery and the protective role of NG supplementation against these effects.<br />Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult male albino rats were equally divided into four groups; control (I), (II) mobile, (III) mobile-NG and (IV) recovery. Mobile group exposed to 900 MHz continuous RF-EMW emitted by talk mode for one hour daily for 8 weeks. Mobile-NG group exposed to RF-EMW like group III for 8 weeks concomitant with NG treatment 50 mg/kg /day orally. While recovery group exposed to the same RF-EMW for 8 weeks then kept unexposed for another 8 weeks for recovery. Serum levels of testosterone hormone, epididymal sperm counts and testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured. Testicular sections were stained with H&E and immunohistochemical stains for PCNA, p53, CX43 and AR, that were subjected to morphometric and statistically analysis.<br />Results: Deterioration of histological architecture of testes and biochemical and morphometric parameters were<br />recorded in mobile group. However, preservation of the testicular histological structure and restoration of the normal biochemical and morphometric parameters were obvious in group IV. On the other hand, the recovery group showed incomplete improvement where some testicular affection was noted.<br />Conclusion: Mobile phones might have injurious effects on testes that partially recovered after stoppage of exposure to EMW. However, NG co-administration was protective.https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_7850_e21436ccf8862da7dc457607891e5183.pdf