2024-03-28T21:51:37Z
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=5952
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
Structure and Function of Periosteum with Special Reference to its Clinical Application
hany
mostafa
This review summarizes the structure of periosteum in relation to clinical applications.. It shows the structure of periosteum as outer fibrous and inner osteogenic layers. Bone lining cells were used recently to describe inactive osteoblasts. The review also discussed the role of periostin protein, its higher concentration in periosteum than bone. Periostin is high early in fracture while decrease after stoppage of cellular differentiation so figure out the stem cell as the main source of periostin. Also in this review the structure of bone niche was described as formed of cellular part and non cellular part. Stem cell niche is very important to regulate stem cell division and direct differentiation to bone growth or bone healing and regeneration of damaged bone. This review also reported the blood supply of periosteum. Blood supply from periosteum is divided into four vascular systems. It sheds a light on morphology of osteoblasts and mechanism of mineralization. osteoblast has specific receptors in the cell membrane and contains a magic structure called matrix vesicle which plays the key role in bone mineralization. Moreover, the review discusses the role of periosteum in bone remodeling. Periosteal bone formation is described in different ages: fetal, childhood and adulthood. It also reported on osteoblastic activation of osteoclasts and its role in bone structure. The review explained the new term of bone remodeling unit which is formed of cutting cone and closing cone so confirm the importance of exercise for healthy bone formation. Factors affecting bone formation by periosteum were also categorized to hormonal, mechanical, environmental genetic and diseases. Healing of bone fracture is the most important one clinical application, but the review also contains many clinical applications related to the structure and function of periosteum.
Ossification
osteoblast and remodeling
periosteum
2019
03
01
1
9
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_36691_2ca3f849979e8aad568b391a4c9365bf.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
Ameliorative Effect of Watermelon rind ingestion on the Pancreas of Diabetic Female Albino Rat (Histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric study).
Hekmat
Sorour
mai
selim
laila
almoselhy
samah
gouda
Introduction: Type II diabetes is a multifactorial metabolic disorder that affects more than 348 million people worldwide. The pathway of type II diabetes is characterized both by insulin resistance in muscle, fat, and liver in addition to a relative failure of pancreatic cells. CitrullusLanatus (Watermelon) is one of the few foods naturally rich in amino acids citrulline and lycopene which decrease serum glucose concentration in diabetic rats.Aim of the study: To study the structural changes in diabetic pancreas and the possible role of watermelon rind ingestion in ameliorating the pancreatic changes in experimentally-induced type II diabetes mellitus in rats.Materials and methods: Eighteen female adult albino rats weighing 170g-200g were randomly divided into three equal groups. Diabetes was induced in all the rats except GI by intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg.b.wnicotinamide, followed by streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 60mg/kg.b.w. 15 minutes later, to induce type 2 diabetes. Rats were divided into three groups: namely GI control, GII diabetic, GIII diabetic watermelon rind juice treated. The mean values of body weight and the blood glucose levels were assessed. Histological study of the different experimental groups was done using H&E, Mallory trichrome, Orcein, and immunohistochemical stain for detection of eNOS positive endothelial cells. Data obtained by morphometric and statistical studies were discussed in relation to the microscopic findings. Results: Diabetes caused harmful effects on the structure of the pancreas. In addition, watermelon rind improved the histological findings if compared with the diabetic untreated group. Also, watermelon rind treatment showed strong immunohistochemical expression for eNOS. Conclusion: Watermelon rind ingestion in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic female albino rat resulted in ameliorating the structural changes in the pancreas.
diabetes
CitrullusLanatus
eNOS
nicotinamide
pancreas
2019
03
01
10
22
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_17887_40723f4ddcef92323274ee2189431c57.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
Histological and immunohistochemical study on the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on cerebellar cortex of adult male albino rats
Heba
Abdel-aziz
Noura
Mekawy
Nahla
Ibrahem
Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are one of metal nanoparticles that have widespread use in many fields.Objective: To investigate the effect of ZnONPs on cerebellar cortex of rats through histological and immunohistochemical study.Materials and methods: Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into three groups; group I (control), Group II (ZnONP-1 treated group) which received orally 50 mg/kg of ZnONP for two months and Group III (ZnONP-1I treated group) which received orally 200 mg/kg of ZnONP for two months. Specimens of the cerebellar cortex were processed for histological and immunohistochemical study. Morphometric and statistical analysis were carried out.Results: Group II showed Purkinje cells were crowded in many layers surrounded by perineuronal vacuoles and had pyknotic nuclei. They had cytoplasmic vacuoles and perinuclear Golgi apparatus revealed fragmented dilated cisternae. Nearby Bergmann astrocyte cells had highly vacuolated cytoplasm and the nerve fibers were also affected and showed dysmyleination (disrupted myelin sheath). Immunohistochemical study of the same group showed Purkinje cell cytoplasm had positive immunoreactions for calretinin proteins. In group III, there was a wide spread of neuronal affection to the degree of loss of many of Purkinje cells leaving empty spaces. Ultrastructurly, their cytoplasm appeared with multiple variable sized and had dilated mitochondria with disrupted cristae. The Bergmann astrocytes revealed nuclei with disrupted nuclear envelope and nearly absence their cytoplasmic organelle and there was more affection to the nerve fibers in the form of vacuolated axoplasm and demyelination (areas of myelin loss) beside dysmyleination. Immunohistochemical study of group III showed Purkinje cells cytoplasm with negative immunoreactions for calretinin proteins.Conclusion: Intake of ZnONPs induced various adverse alterations in the histological and immunohistochemical structures of cerebellar cortex indicating the occurrence of neurotoxicity. These changes were exaggerated with increasing the dose of their intake.
cerebellar cortex
histology
rat
toxic
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
2019
03
01
23
34
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_36692_3e29befc8f7442485f2cce2ee949c1a5.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
Effect of Curcumin versus Hyaluronic Acid on Glucocorticoid Induced Skin Atrophy and Subsequent Skin Abrasions in Rats
Sohair
Fawzy
Nagwa
Ahmed
Mohamed
Eldin Elshafie
Samia
Radwan
Background: Skin is the largest organ of the body in surface area and weight. One of the most important side effects of topical glucocorticoids therapy is skin atrophy. This study aimed to evaluate the possible therapeutic effects of curcumin versus aftamed gel (Hyaluronic Acid) on glucocorticoid-induced skin atrophy, as well as on subsequently induced abrasion wounds. Methods: Forty two adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups: Group1 (Control group) of 6 rats, Group II (Steroid-Exposed Group), Group III (Curcumin-Treated Group) and Group IV (Aftamed-treated group). Each of group II, III and IV were subdivided into two subgroups IIA, IIIA, IVA (subjected to clobetasol propionate cream) each included 6 rats and IIB, IIIB, IVB (subjected to clobetasol propionate cream, then exposed to skin abrasion) each included 6 rats. Skin biopsies were taken from the dorsum of rats 12th days from the stoppage of clobetasol propionate application. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemichal stain for PCNA & CK19. Epidermal thicknesses, mean area percent of collagen fibers and mean number of PCNA & CK19 immunopositive cells were measured. Results: Steroid-exposed group showed thinning of epidermal and dermal layers with scanty hair follicles and sebaceous glands as well as delay in wound healing. Increased epidermal thickness and reorganized dermal structural elements with increased PCNA & CK19 immunopositive cells were more obvious in curcumin treated group than aftamed treated group. Conclusion: topical application of curcumin had more improving effect on skin and its abrasions rather than aftamed gel.
Curcumin
Hyaluronic acid
skin atrophy
topical steroids
wound
2019
03
01
35
50
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_36698_34c82e3ccaecdfc501a7ec5fb86ed644.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
Postnatal Effect Of Acrylamide On Rat Renal Cortex And The Protective Effect Of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe)
Rania
Moawad
Eman
Abd El Fattah
Rania
Ramadan
Background: Acrylamide is toxic both in experimental animals and in humans. It is proved to be carcinogenic in rodents and considered by The International Agency for Research on Cancer as a probable human carcinogen. Medicinal plants have significant antioxidant properties. Ginger had the highest antioxidant activity among these plants.Aim of the work: To detect the histopathological effects of acrylamide on the kidneys in postnatal rats and to determine the possible protective effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) as an antioxidant.Methods: The experimental pregnant rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:Group 1 (control group): these rats were preserved under normal condition of diet and water. Group 2 (acrylamide-treated group): acrylamide was orally administered to non-anesthetized rats by gastric intubation at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Group 3 (ginger-protected group): animals of this group were given the same dose of acrylamide as in group 2 followed by 1 ml of final aqueous extract of ginger (24 mg/ml) three times weekly. All the doses were administered from the 7th day of gestation and continued up to 21 days after delivery. Postnatal rats at the 2nd and 21st days were selected from each group and were scarified. Their kidneys were carefully dissected, removed and fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations.Results: Maternal acrylamide administration disturbed the development of the renal cortex of the offsprings. Histological examination of acrylamide-treated, 2-day-old rats revealed degenerated glomeruli with lack of capillary tufts, disarrangement of podocytes and thickening of the parietal layers of Bowman's capsules. Moreover, the damage was evident in the primitive tubules. Examination of acrylamide-treated, 21-day-old rats showed congested glomerular capillaries, mesangial hypercellularity, vacuolations and darkly stained nuclei of the renal tubular epithelium, and extensive interstitial cellular infiltration and hemorrhage. Statistically, acrylamide–treated groups at both ages showed a highly significant decrease in the mean glomerular count, and the mean thickness of the cortex and the medulla as compared to their control groups. Moreover, the area percentage of renal NF-kβ protein expression showed a significant increase with acrylamide treatment. Ginger administration effectively restored most of the acrylamide-induced renal cortical damage.Conclusion: ginger administration effectively restored most of the acrylamide-induced renal cortical damage, suggesting that ginger supplement can play a protective role against acrylamide deleterious effects.
acrylamide
Ginger
kidney
rat
2019
03
01
51
63
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_36703_b59a09bec7d0c794fa23646850a6a072.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
Can Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation and Fennel Ingestion Alter the Histology of Senile Diabetic Rat Ovary?
Hekmat
Ahmed Sorour
Fatma
Abdel Aal
Mona Mohamed
Abd Elgalil
Background: The relation between menopausal status and diabetes mellitus remains controversial. However, clinical trials suggest that menopause would speed the progression to diabetes. Reproductive tract dysfunction is a recognized consequence of diabetes obesity syndrome (DOS). Therefore, a possible association between obesity, diabetes mellitus and abnormalities of female reproductive function may occur. Nowadays traditional medicinal plants and spices are commonly used for their possible effects as hypoglycaemic, antidiabetic and folliculogenic agents instead of using synthetic drugs. Recent studies suggest that bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are promising grafts to treat a variety of diseases, including reproductive dysfunction.Aim of the work: The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic implication of MSCs and fennel ingestion on ovarian diabetically induced senile rats.Materials & Methods: 24 senile female albino rats were used in this study. They were divided into 4 equal groups: control group, diabetic group, diabetic/MSCs group and diabetic/ MSCs /fennel oil group. Treatments were continued for 8 weeks, and ovarian samples were collected for histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructure studies.Blood glucose levels were estimated and serum hormonal analyses were performed.Results: Induction of diabetes caused variable sizes of typical ovarian follicular cysts and elevation of blood glucose level. Stem cell transplantation showed some amelioration in the ovarian structure and blood glucose level. Administration of both MSCs and fennel oil had the ability to lower the blood glucose level and restore ovarian structure in diabetic rats.Conclusion: The use of MSCs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering makes them a promising therapy to treat diabetes mellitus complications. Fennel essential oil could be given to diabetic patients to ameliorate diabetes in addition to its use as a fertility enhancing agent.
Diabetes mellitus
fennel essential oil
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Ovary
2019
03
01
64
83
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_36708_9e06595e25c2a086d30da4cd266cdee1.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
Histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study of the effect of triclosan and its withdrawal on cauda epididymis of adult albino rat
Reda
Elbakry
Marwa
Ibrahim
Background: Triclosan (TCS) is a bactericide used in many daily products. TCS potential for endocrine disruption is suspected to impact male reproductive system.Aim of the study: Is to evaluate the effect of TCS and its withdrawal on the cauda epididymis of adult albino rat using different histological and biochemical techniques.Materials & Methods: Twenty-one adult male albino rats were equally divided into 3 groups; control, TCS-treated (administered 200mg/kg/day for 8weeks) and TCS-withdrawal group (administered 200mg/kg/day for 8weeks then left without treatment for 8weeks). Serum testosterone was quantified and epididymal specimens were processed for light and electron microscopic examination. Immunohistochemical staining against androgen receptor was performed.Results: TCS-treated group revealed a significant decrease in serum testosterone. Principal cells showed vacuoles compressing their nuclei, some pyknotic nuclei and sparse stereocilia. Many adluminal halo cells were observed. The epithelial lining depicted focal areas of stratification and areas of discontinuity. Widened interstitium inbetween the ducts with cellular infiltrations and some congested blood vessels were observed. Mallory-trichrome staining revealed prominent collagen fibers surrounding the epididymal ducts and blood vessels and an enhanced Periodic-Acid-Schiff reaction in the thickened basal lamina coupled to a diminished Periodic-Acid-Schiff reaction in the apical parts of the epididymal epithelial cells. A weak nuclear androgen receptor immunoreaction in the epididymal epithelial lining of the ducts was detected. Ultrastructural examination depicted principal cells with irregular nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm with many lysosomes, dilated Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Irregular apical cytoplasmic projections and sparse stereocilia were observed. Clear cells showed some cytoplasmic projections, large apical vacuoles and few lipid droplets. Migrating halo cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were observed. Withdrawal group showed a near normal histology.Conclusion: TCS has extremely affected the epididymal lining through acting as an endocrine disruptor. Withdrawal of TCS exerted a satisfactory outcome.
Androgen receptor
electron microscopy
epididymis
Triclosan
withdrawal
2019
03
01
84
98
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_36714_17043d5fd69124f0b6f9c9be4d770f06.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
The protective effect of Nigella Sativa oil on Penconazole induced -renal toxicity in adult albino rats: Histological, Immunohistochemical and Biochemical study
nadia
badawy khair
Nermeen
Nooreldien
High doses of penconazole causing nephrotoxicity and renal damage. Nigella sativa (black seed) is one of the native plants. It has anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and anti-cancerous properties.Aim: This work aimed to evaluate the effect of Nigella sativa oil on Penconazole induced renal toxicity in a rat model.Material and Methods: Sixty male adult albino rats were used . They were divided into equal four groups. Group I (control): rats were received distilled water Group II (N. sativa): rats were given orally 0.2ml N. sativa oil /100 g b. wt. three days/week for four weeks.Group III(PEN –treated): the animals were received intraperitoneally 67 mg penconazole /kg b. wt. three days/week for four weeks. Group IV(PEN+ N.sativa): rats were given penconazole (67 mg/kg b.w) and N. sativa oil (0.2ml/100 g) simultaneously three days weekly for four weeks. At the end of the experiment, kidney tissues were prepared for biochemical, immunohistochemical, light and electron microscopic studies.Results: Histological examination of penconazole treated group revealed glomerular atrophy, widening of the subcapsular space and hypercellularity of the glomerular cells. Detachment of podocytes and disruption of their processes resulted in impairment of the blood renal barrier. Tubular degeneration and necrosis were confirmed by significant decrease in Bcl2 immune marker. An increase in activity of intercalated cells of cortical collecting tubules was an indication of metabolic acidosis. Renal fibrosis was confirmed by an significant increase in α SMA and collagen fibers. Biochemical study revealed an increase in MDA level, decrease in both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).These changes were reserved by concomitant administration of Nigella sativa oil.Conclusion: The antioxidant properties of Nigella sativa could be attributed in ameliorating penconazole-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Atrophy
intercalated cells
fibrosis
Penconazole
Podocytes
2019
03
01
99
120
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_36721_24c6a19fb661bac1a79c51e5f19fdbd8.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
The appropriate time for stem cell transplantation in albino rat with amiodarone induced lung fibrosis: histological and immunohistochemical study
Eman
El Bana
Lamiaa
Shawky
Background: The fibrosing form of lung injury had bad progressive course and lethal outcome.Aim of the work: This study throws light on the possible protective and/or therapeutic consequence of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in lung fibrosis induced by amiodarone in albino rat. In addition to study the possible recovery of damaged lung after amiodarone withdrawal. Material & Methods: Forty five adult male albino rats were divided into five equal groups. Group I (control); group II (amiodarone) received amiodarone 30 mg/kg orally for 6 days /week for 6 weeks, group III (withdrawal); group IV (early stem cell) mesenchymal stem cell was administrated after 1st dose of amiodarone therapy ; group VI (late stem cell) mesenchymal stem cell was administrated immediately after amiodarone suspension . Lung samples were processed and examined using histological and immunohistochemical techniques and the obtained data was subjected to statistical analysis.Results: Amiodarone treated group displayed obstructed bronchioles, collapsed alveoli, inflammatory cell infiltration ,thickened interalveolar septa and pulmonary vessels wall. Increased collagen fibers deposition between alveoli and around blood vessels in addition to highly expressed caspase-3. Group III (withdrawal) recorded only mild improvement. Group IV (early stem cell therapy ) showed advanced improvement of pulmonary alveolar architecture, on other side group V (late stem cell therapy)revealed moderate improvement of lung injury.Conclusion: The majority of amiodarone lung toxicity manifestations and lung fibrosis were regressed by bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) therapy and the best result obtained when stem cell initiated early in the development of pathogenesis.
Amiodarone
Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Interalveolar septa
Stem cell
2019
03
01
121
132
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_36725_406955697ccaade5c7eaec78344d6c39.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
Effect of Silymarin versus Silymarin and Green Coffee Extract on Thioacetamide Induced Liver Injury in Adult Male Albino Rats (Histological and Immunohistochemical Study)
sara
abdelaal
Hanaa
E. Mousa
Samah
Ahmed
Background: Thioacetamide (TAA) is a potent hepatotoxic agent used to induce liver toxicity in experimental animal models. Protective role of silymarin in liver intoxication was proved. Coffee is the most popular beverage used in the world. Consumption of green coffee bean extract has many benefits on health in general, and liver in particular.Aim of work: To evaluate the potential role of adding green coffee extract to silymarin in improving thioacetamide induced hepatic injury in rats.Materials and methods: Thirty six albino rats were divided into 4 groups; group I (control group), group II (thioacetamide group), group III (Silymarin group) and Group IV (Silymarin and green coffee extract group). Biochemical analysis for liver function, antioxidant enzyme assay were performed. Liver sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome stains and immunohistochemical expression for caspase-3. Morphometric and statistical analysis were done.Results: Liver functions of group II showed significant deterioration which slightly improved in group III and tend to be normal in group IV. Antioxidant enzyme levels of groupII and group III were significantly lower than that of group I; group III and group IV levels were significantly higher than that of group II. Liver sections of group II showed massive dilated congested portal vein, bile duct proliferation, and mononuclear cellular infiltrates. Group III showed slightly dilated congested portal vein in some areas while appeared normal in other areas. In group IV portal area appeared almostly normal. Marked increased collagen deposition was detected in group II, decreased in group III and markedly decreased in group IV. Immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 was increased in group II, lower in group III and significantly low in group IV.In conclusion: Adding green coffee extract to silymarin potentiate the therapeutic effect of silymarin in improving experimentally induced hepatic injury by thioacetamide in rats.
Green coffee extract
Liver
Silymarin
Thioacetamide
2019
03
01
133
146
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_36728_8138a66e9b3ee3506bdec3c3c2702466.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
Cardio-protective Effect of Vitamin E on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats: A Histological and Biochemical Study
Amal
Abdel-Samia
Reneah
Bushra
Asmaa
Gomaa
Background: Doxorubicin (Dox) is a powerful and greatly effective drug in cancer. However, its clinical usefulness is still restricted due to its specific toxicity to the cardiac tissue. Vitamin E is a well-known antioxidant used as a dietary supplement.Aim of the work: To evaluate the possible protective effects of vitamin E against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.Material and Methods: Forty 3-months adult male albino rats weighing 200-250 gm were divided into four equal groups: Group (I): served as a negative control and received no treatment. Group (II): served as a positive control and treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% sodium chloride saline once daily for one week. Group (III): treated with 4mg Dox/kg b.w./day intraperitoneally for one week. Group (IV): was pretreated with 100mg vitamin E/kg body weight/day orally for 2 weeks followed by a combination of an intraperitoneal injection of Dox and oral vitamin E for one week in the same previous doses. Then, the animals were anaesthetized and blood samples were utilized for measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), triglyceride, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C). Animals were sacrificed, and a portion of each heart was taken from all groups for determination of the levels of total cardiac antioxidant capacity (TAC). The remaining portions of the heart muscle were prepared for light and electron microscopic studies.Results: Administration of Dox resulted in histological alterations in the form of vacuolated disorganized cardiac muscle fibers, degenerated mitochondria and congested dilated blood vessels. Also, significant decreases of cardiac TAC and serum HDL-C and increases of serum levels of LDH, CK, triglyceride and total cholesterol of Dox-treated group were noticed in comparison with the control ones. Pre and concomitant administration of vitamin E with Dox improved these alterations.Conclusion: Vitamin E ameliorates the cardiac damage induced by Dox.
cardiac muscle
Doxorubicin
rat
Vitamin E
2019
03
01
147
161
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_36733_3f726dd6da0d772700268fe52a5961b6.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
N-Acetylcysteine Mitigates Histopathological and Ultrastructural Alterations Induced by Chronic Usage of Acetaminophen in the Rat Renal Cortex
Awny
Yaseen
Samar
Asker
Nesreen
Omar
Amany
Abd El Fattah
Background: Acetaminophen or N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) is a potent analgesic and antipyretic drug that is widely used. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a synthetic antioxidant, acting as a free radical scavenger.Aim of the work: This work was designed to demonstrate the effect of NAC on the histological changes induced by chronic usage of acetaminophen in the renal cortex.Materials and methods: Forty male albino rats distributed into four groups were utilized. Control group: given distilled water. NAC-group: given NAC (150 mg/kg/day), orally, once daily for 4 weeks. Aceta-group: given Acetaminophen (APAP 300 mg/kg/day) orally, once daily for 4 weeks. Aceta+NAC group: given Acetaminophen (APAP 300 mg/kg/day) orally then NAC (150 mg/kg) orally 2 hours after oral APAP, once daily for 4 weeks. Small specimens of the renal cortex were obtained and processed for light and electron microscopic studies. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels were assessed. Morphometric and statistical studies were also performed.Results: Chronic usage of acetaminophen resulted in distortion and shrinkage of some glomeruli and partial destruction of Bowman's capsule. Proximal convoluted tubules showed dilatations, degenerative changes and loss of the apical brush border. Mononuclear cellular infiltration and deposition of collagenous fibers in the renal interstitium were also demonstrated. By electron microscope, glomerular basement membrane showed irregular thickening and loss of its trilaminar appearance. Cells lining the proximal convoluted tubules showed dense irregular nucleus, cytolplasmic vacuoles and loss of apical microvilli. These changes were accompanied by significant elevations in the serum levels of BUN and creatinine. NAC administration provoked partial improvement in the renal histology and a significant decline in serum levels of BUN and creatinine.Conclusion: N-acetylcysteine could attenuate histological and biochemical changes induced by chronic usage of acetaminophen in the rat renal cortex.
acetaminophen
N-acetylcysteine
Nephrotoxicity
ultrastucture
2019
03
01
162
177
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_36748_e7f7b5a45e9317626effda192721ed31.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
Sexual Dimorphism in Relation to Structural Changes in Renal Cortex in Different Age Groups: Possible Role of Endogenous SCs
Maha
Zickri
Amany
Hamoud
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an inevitable process which might be the major cause of death in senile age. In certain diseases male gender is a risk factor. The mitotic division of resident SCs might be stimulated by cellular injury and contribute to the restoration of damaged cells.Aim of study: The current study is designed to study the sexual dimorphism in relation to structural changes in the renal cortex in prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal age groups of rat. In addition, possible role of endogenous stem cells (SCs).Materials and methods: Thirty albino rats were divided into three groups, Pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal each was subdivided into two subgroups male and female respectively. The body weight (BW), kidney weight (KW), cross sectional area (CA) and serum creatinine (sC) were determined. Kidney sections were subjected to histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, morphometric and statistical studies.Results: BW and glomerular area values recorded age related changes. While KW, CA, sC, count of dark nuclei, area of collagen, thickness of tubular basement membrane, count of proliferation marker proved age and sex related changes.Conclusion: Progressive age related increase in BW, KW, CA, sC and glomerular area (GA) was found, that became reciprocal for the GA in postpubertal rats due to atrophy. Elevated sC, enhanced apoptosis, fibrosis and thickened tubular basement membrane (tBM) and reduced cellular proliferation were detected. Enhanced SCs migration in response to injury were more noticeable in male postpubertal rats.
kidney
PCNA
postpubertal
prepubertal
pubertal
2019
03
01
178
190
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_36751_00f2585b4731d92f4605211444cad999.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
The Effect of Long Term Administration of Aspartame on the Sciatic nerve of adult male albino rats and the Possible Therapeutic Role of Ozone (Histological and Biochemical Study)
Ebtehal
Hassen
abeer
mahmod
Nahla
Ibrahem
Amal
El-Shal
Introduction: Aspartame is a widely used artificial non-nutritive sweetener, which replaced sucrose in foods for enhancing flavor while reducing calories. It was confirmed that aspartame was a multipotential carcinogenic agent increases the risk of lymphoma and neurological tumors.Aim of the work: This work is aimed to evaluate the effect of aspartame on the structure of the sciatic nerve and the possible role of ozone therapy.Material and methods: The present study was carried out on 30 adult male wister albino rats divided into three groups: control (I), aspartame(II) and ozone and aspartame treated (III) groups. Group (II) received aspartame (250 mg/kg/d) dissolved in distilled water and administered by gastric tube for 3 months. Group (III) received aspartame as in Group II, then received an ozone dose of 1.1 mg/kg/d intraperitoneal (IP) for 30 days. Rats were anesthetized and sciatic nerves were processed for light, electron microscope, morphometric and Real time-PCR analysis.Results: The sciatic nerve of aspartame group showed loss of regular architecture, separation of myelin lamellae with splitting of myeline sheath. Schwann cells appeared with vacuolated cytoplasm and collagen fibrils could be seen in the endoneurium. Immunohistochemically, there was decrease in expression of myeline basic protein (MBP) in myeline sheath and decrease in axon/fiber ratio (g ratio) statistically. Apparent structural and histomorphological improvement were noticed in ozone group.Conclusion: Aspartame induced histopathological changes in sciatic nerve. Our data suggests that ozone therapy has an important role in sciatic nerve regeneration by increasing the expression of neurotrophic and angiogenic factors establishing more favorable environment for nerve regeneration.
Aspartame
neurotrophic factors
peripheral nerve
Ozone
2019
03
01
191
201
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_36758_32a535dc53b29135f5565aaf1bd04f3d.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
Histological and Immuno-Histochemical Study on the Possible Effect of Vitamin K2 on the Hepatic Oval Cells in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Albino Rats
Zakaria
Edris
Dalia
ElMarakby
Abeer
Omar
Amal
Farag
Background: Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from hypoinsulinemia, defective insulin action, or both. ß-cells regeneration from stem cells or pancreatic progenitor cells is an attractive method for diabetic treatment. Hepatic oval cells (HOCs), intra-hepatic cells of bi-potent progenitor capabilities, can proliferate and differentiate into both hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells. They had the potentiality to transdifferentiate into pancreatic endocrine cells, as both liver and pancreas have the same origin (upper primitive foregut endoderm). Vitamin K2 can promote recovery in patients with liver cirrhosis and prevent insulin resistance reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes.Aim of the work: Evaluating the histological and immunohistochemical changes in hepatocytes and oval cells in diabetic and non-diabetic rats’ liver under treatment with vitamin K2.Materials and methods: 88 adult male albino rats were divided into 3 groups: Group I (control group), Group II (diabetic group); where diabetes was induced using single intraperitoneal (IP) dose of streptozotocin (STZ) following 2 weeks of high fat diet and Group III (treatment group) where diabetic rats were given daily oral vitamin K2 for 20 days (5 days on and 5 days off). Random blood sugar was measured for each group at day 0, 16 and then every 5 days till the end of the experiment (36 days). All groups’ sections were subjected to H&E and immunohistochemical stains for CD34, CK19 and insulin. Optical density for CD34 positive immunoreaction and mean area percent for CK19 and insulin immunoreaction were measured and data were statistically analyzed. Results and Conclusion: HOCs gave a positive reaction of changing into insulin producing cells in diabetic rats thus they may be modified to change into extra pancreatic source of insulin. Additionally, administration of vitamin K2 helped increase the proliferative ability of the HOCs in case of diabetes.
CK19
diabetes
hepatic oval cells
streptozotocin
vitamin K2
2019
03
01
202
214
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_36766_1b8ded85b50954c19b4c8f5923cad75e.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
The possible protective effect of Omega 3 fatty acids against Bisphenol A induced disruption of pituitary-testicular axis in albino rat. Biohemical, Histological and Immunohistochemical study
Ahmed
Mahmoud
Eman
Nor-Eldin
Hoda
Elsayed
Background: Infertility is a major health problem affecting human life. Multiple factors contribute to male infertility. The most important one is exposure to environmental contaminants (e.g. Bisphenol A (BPA)).Aim of the work: To study the possible protective effect of Omega 3 against BPA induced changes in the pituitary testicular axis in rats.Material and method: 30 adult male albino rats were used in the study. They were divided equally into 3 groups 10 animals each. Group I served as control. Group II received BPA in a dose 1.2 mg/kg orally 6 days a week. Group III received Omega 3 in a dose 0.4 g/kg subcutaneously in addition to BPA of the same previous dose and duration. At the time of sacrifice, all rats were anesthetized with ether.Blood samples were collected for estimation of testosterone, LH, FSH and prolactin. The testes and pituitary were dissected out and processed for histological and immunohistochemical study for Caspase 3, PCNA and prolactin. The number of Caspase 3 and PCNA positive cells were counted and statistically analyzed.Results: Marked decrease in serum LH, testosterone with marked increase in serum prolactin was observed in BPA treated group. Spermatogenic cells were disorganized and degenerated. Spermatids had fragmented pyknotic nuclei. A significant increase in the rate of apoptosis and a significant decrease in the rate of proliferation of germ cells were detected on BPA exposure compared to the control . Examination of pars distalis revealed degenerative changes in acidophils and basophils in group II animals with decreased intensity of reactive mammotrophs. These changes were ameliorated in group III by administration of Omega 3 fatty acids.Conclusion: Omega 3 may protect against BPA hazardous effects through pituitary testicular axis pathway.
bisphenol A
Infertility
LH
omega-3
pituitary testicular axis
2019
03
01
215
228
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_36772_6157d9a6d39ad8e1066b17f5e4843715.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Histology
1110-0559
1110-0559
2019
42
1
Efficacy of cerebrolysin on dentate gyrus of hippocampus after experimentally induced acute ischemic stroke in adult albino rats (Histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study)
Heba
Abdel-aziz
Samah
Ahmed
Maha
Mohammed
Hanem
Abdel Nour
Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a brain medical disorder characterized by the sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in a loss of its neurologic function. Cerebrolysin is a mixture of neuropeptides and free amino acids. Aim of the work: This study aimed to evaluate the role of cerebrolysin in ameliorating the histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical harm in post ischemic stroke and also to assess its dose dependent effect.Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male rats were divided into 3 equal groups; control, ischemic and post ischemic treated groups. After dissecting hippocampal dentate gyrus prepared sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Erβ and calretinin proteins. Oxidative stress parameters, TNF α, and HSP-70 assay. Also, Gh receptor gene expression and DNA fragmentation test were measured. Immunoperoxidase reactions for GFAPin astrocyte was estimated. Statistical analysis was conducted. Results: Ischemia group showed decrease number of granule cells with small dark stained nuclei, areas of cell loss and numerous spindle shaped cells in the sub-granular zone. A faint positive immunoreaction for ERβ in nuclei of granular cells and negative reaction for calretinin was detected in granule cells. Antioxidant enzymes in the brain tissue as MDA,TNF α and HSP-70 were significantly elevated in ischemic group compared to control and post ischemic treated groups. Gh receptor gene were decreased, while Fragmentation index of DNA was significantly increased. Administration of 2.5 mg/kg cerebrolysinshowed partial improvement, whereas, 5 mg/kg dose displayed more ameliorative effects. Increased GFAP immune-expression in the cytoplasm of astrocytes in ischemic group compared to control and post ischemic treated groups. Conclusion: Cerebrolysin was effective in experimentally induced AIS (Acute ischemic stroke) in a dose-dependent manner as proved by improving the histological structure, immunohistochemical reactions and biochemical parameters of the dentate gyrus of hippocampus in adult male albino rats.
Cerebrolysin
ghrelin
histology
ischemia
Oxidative Stress
2019
03
01
229
244
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_36782_f5121cd17319d5ffb29b504a4a05f68e.pdf