ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Histological Study of the Effects of Olanzapine on the Liver of Adult Male Albino Rat with and without Vitamin C
Introduction: Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug widely used in treatment of schizophrenia for prolonged time.Aim of the work: The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of olanzapine on the liver and the possible protective effect of vitamin C.Material and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were used in this work. They were divided into: Group I as a control, group II was given Olanzapine (2mg/kg B. wt. orally once daily) for one month, group III was given Olanzapine (at the same previous dose) plus vitamin C (15 mg /Kg. B. wt of orally once daily) for one month and group IV was given only vitamin C (for the same dose and period of the previous group). At the end of the experiment, liver specimens were processed for histological study by light and electron microscopes. Also blood samples were collected for estimation of liver enzymes.Result: Significant increase in the level of liver enzymes was observed in Olanzapine treated group. While the microscopic examination of the liver sections of this group revealed several histological changes including, dilatation and congestion of central veins and blood sinusoids, inflammatory cellular infiltration in the portal areas and cytoplasmic vacuolation of hepatocytes that present mainly around the central veins. Mitochondrial degeneration, bile ducts dilatation and excessive deposition of lipid droplets were also observed. These changes were ameliorated by vitamin C administration.Conclusion: Results of this experimental work revealed that administration of vitamin C greatly reduced the histological alterations induced by Olanzapine, suggesting that vitamin C has a protective effect on the liver.
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_3824_3a3c80af6687d2424de83cb599b292ba.pdf
2017-03-01
1
11
10.21608/EJH.2017.3692
Olanzapine
Liver
vitamin c
rat
Reda
Elbakary
drredahassan72@gmail.com
1
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Bone Marrow Versus Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Pancreas of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus Type I in Adult Male Rats (Histological Study)
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (D.M.) is a major health problem affecting more than 200 million worldwide. The ideal treatment for autoimmune type I diabetes is regeneration of endogenous β-cells which could be achieved by mesenchymal stem cells transplantation.Aim of the work: This work aimed to compare the effect of intravenous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) on Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetes in albino rats. Material and Methods: Fifty albino male rats were divided into 4 groups; control, diabetic, BMSCs treated and AMSCs treated. Treated groups were intravenously given 1 ml PKH26 labeled allogenic BMSCs or AMSCs suspended in phosphate buffered saline, respectively. Animals of all groups were sacrificed 2 weeks after stem cells administration. Sections from control and treated groups were examined by fluorescence microscope. Sections from all groups were immunohistochemically stained to detect insulin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Mean area percent of insulin and number of PCNA positive reactions were measured and statistically analyzed.Results: Diabetic rats showed cell death and congested blood vessels in both exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Treated groups revealed homing of stem cells in pancreas after their transplantation. Moreover, nearly normal histological features were seen in AMSCs treated group. Studying the treated groups immunohistochemically, revealed increase in insulin and PCNA positive reactions when compared to diabetic group with more increase in AMSCs treated group than BMSCs treated group. Conclusion: Intravenous AMSCs could be more effective than BMSCs in treatment of STZ-induced type I diabetes.
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_3849_818ce31536b54a256bccfef80aa4b264.pdf
2017-03-01
12
24
10.21608/EJH.2017.3693
Diabetes type I
BMSCs
AMSCs
Insulin
PCNA
Abeer
Omar
kaboree2002@gmail.com
1
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alshaymaa
Aboulkhair
2
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Possible Protective Role of Melatonin on Doxorubicin Induced Cardiomyopathy of Adult Male Albino Rats
Introduction: Doxorubicin is one of the major antitumor treatment. The essential limiting factor of using this drug is the production of cardiotoxicity. However, melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that may protect the heart.Aim: This study was aimed to study possible protective role of melatonin in adult male albino rats following doxorubicin administrationMaterial and Method: In this study, 40 adult male albino rats were used. They were divided into four groups (10 rats for each): control group, Melatonin group, Doxorubicin group and Doxorubicin & Melatonin group. Heart specimens were obtained at the end and processed.Results: Light studies showed degenerative changes. Some fibers showed dark acidophilic cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei. Apoptosis were detected where the nuclei varying from peripheral condensation of chromatin up to pyknosis, confirmed with positively caspase-3 activity. Dilatation of the vessels with mononuclear cellular infiltrations and deposited collagen fibers were seen. Ultrastructural examination showed disarrangement of the sarcomeres, disruption of microfilaments and Z- line, the number and size of mitochondria apparently increased, dilated SER and T tubules were also noticed. The presence of oval shaped cells (Telocyte) with thin long processes (Telopodes) were detected.Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that, melatonin markedly suppressed cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin.
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_3850_3c7a3ffc939b6cff6d56c920fea929cd.pdf
2017-03-01
25
36
10.21608/EJH.2017.3694
Doxorubicin
Melatonin
cardiac muscle
telocyte
Caspase-3
Ultrastructure
Rania
Yassien
raniayassien@yahoo.com
1
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amira
Elsaid
2
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Versus their Conditioned Medium on Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Albino Rat. A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study
Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome of rapidly declining renal function. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity is a major cause of AKI in about one third of patients under cisplatin treatment. Stem cell therapy have been suggested as a protective measure against cisplatin-induced AKI. The conditioned medium of the stem cells (serum-free culture medium) has been also found to minimize renal injury and might develop a new therapeutic strategy that avoids stem cells administration.Aim of the Study: This study was conducted to compare the effect of intravenous injection of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) versus their conditioned medium (CM) in minimizing the cisplatin-induced acute renal injury.Material and Methods: Sixty adult female albino rats were divided into 4 main groups. Group (I) served as a control group, Group (II) (cisplatin treated group) that were subdivided into two subgroups IIa and IIb, Group (III) (BMSCs-treated group) and Group (IV) (CM-treated group). Five young male rats were additionally used for obtaining the BMSCs. Rats of all groups were sacrificed on 4th day of the experiment, except for the rats of subgroup (IIa (which were sacrificed after one day of cisplatin administration. Renal specimens were prepared for histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Morphometrical studies and statistical analysis were performed.Results: Treatment by BMSCs resulted in obvious improvement of renal structure with significant increase in Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA). However, conditioned medium (CM) was less effective in treatment of acute AKI.Conclusion: BMSCs administration is preferable than their CM in reversing the acute structural damage of the kidney induced by cisplatin.
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_3851_283824b347bd5479e0d2ea0e4d93a3dd.pdf
2017-03-01
37
51
10.21608/EJH.2017.3695
Acute kidney injury
bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Cisplatin
conditioned medium
Faten
Abd El Zaher
1
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Amany
El Shawarby
2
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Gehad
Hammouda
3
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nevine
Bahaa
nevine_bahaaeldine@med.asu.edu.eg
4
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Simultaneous Melatonin Administration on the Testis of the Experimentally Induced Hyper- and Hypothyroidism in the Adult Male Albino Rat
Background: The most common disorders of the thyroid gland are hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Both have been linked to cell damage.Aim of Work: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of melatonin administration on the testis of both hyperthyroidic and hypothyroidic adult male albino rats models.Materials and Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were used in this study and divided into five groups; ten rats each. Control group (G1) was given distilled water. Hyperthyroidic group (G2) was given thyroxin (0.2 mg/kg b.w). Hyperthyroidic+melatonin group (G3) was given thyroxin (0.2 mg/kg b.w) and melatonin (2.5 mg / kg b.w). Hypothyroidic group (G4) was given carbimazole (1.35 mg/kg b.w). Hypothyroidic+melatonin group (G5) was given carbimazole (1.35 mg/kg b.w) and melatonin (2.5 mg / kg b.w). All the treatments were given orally for 15 days. At the end of the study, the animals of all groups were sacrificed and their testes were rapidly dissected out. The testicular mass was calculated. Testicular specimens of each group were processed for light and electron microscopic studies.Results: The testicular mass was significantly decreased in both hyperthyroidic group (G2) and hypothyroidic group (G4) when compared with the control. Light and electron microscopy of the hyperthyroidic group (G2) and hypothyroidic group (G4) showed seminiferous tubular germ cells disorganization with increased intercellular spaces, necrosis and cellular damage. Melatonin supplementation to rats given Thyroxin (G3) improved the testicular mass and the cell damage. On the contrary, melatonin supplementation to rats given carbimazole (G5) did not show any improvement on both morphometrical and histological levels.Conclusion: It was concluded that simultaneous melatonin administration effectively depresses the negative effects of hyperthyroidism but not hypothyroidism on the adult male rat testis.
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_3852_5348a3257041ae25421c1757aae202a7.pdf
2017-03-01
52
67
10.21608/EJH.2017.3701
albino rat
Hyperthyroidism
hypothyroidism
Melatonin
testis
Hala
Mohamed
hala.zeinelabdin@aun.edu.eg
1
Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut , Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Reneah
Bushra
2
Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut , Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Light and Electron Microscopic Study on the Possible Protective Effect of Nigella Sativa Oil on Cisplatin Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats
Introduction: Cisplatin has a potent anti-tumor action and it has been associated with several toxic side effects. Nigella sativa (NS) oil has an antioxidant and protective effects against side effects of many drugs.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of cisplatin on the liver of rats and the protective effect of NS oil both histologically (LM and EM) and biochemically (serum ALT & AST).Material and methods: Thirty five adult male rats were used in this study and were divided into 4 groups; group I: as a control group, 10 rats were used and divided equally to negative and positive controls, group II: (5 rats) received NS oil 2 ml/kg body weight (BW) by gastric tube daily for 10 days. The group III: (10 rats) received cisplatin 1.5 mg/kg BW intraperitonial (i.p.) daily for 7 days and group IV: (10 rats) received cisplatin 1.5 mg/kg BW (i.p.) daily for 7 days and NS oil 2 ml/kg BW by gastric tube daily for 10 days starting 3 days before cisplatin administration. Twenty four hours after the end of experiment, blood samples and liver specimens were obtained from animals in all groups and prepared for examinations.Results: The results revealed that group II was nearly as group I. Group III revealed by LM cytoplasmic vacuolation, pyknotic nuclei and aggregation of inflammatory cells in some portal tracts and surrounding central veins. By EM, hepatocytes revealed some pyknotic nuclei and degenerated mitochondria. Some area of the cytoplasm showed rarefaction and vacuoles. Also there was a significant increase in both ALT & AST levels. Group IV revealed amelioration of these changes.Conclusion: NS oil ameliorates the hepatotoxic effects of cisplatin.
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_3853_643ad0790f621e924b7961414cacf94e.pdf
2017-03-01
68
79
10.21608/EJH.2017.3698
Cisplatin
Nigella Sativa
Thymoquinone
Hepatotoxicity
Maysara
Salem
maysara.m.salem@gmail.com
1
Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zainab
Altayeb
2
Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Effect on the Rat Renal Cortex and the Possible Protective Role of Lycopene
Introduction: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) have a wide range of applications in industry, medicine and environmental technology. Nowadays, TNPs have raised researcher’s concerns on their toxicity. Lycopene is a dietary carotenoid having a potent antioxidant effect.Aim: To evaluate the effect of TNPs on the structure of renal cortex of rats and to assess the possible protective effect of lycopene against TNPs nephrotoxicity.Material and methods: Forty five adult male rats were divided into four groups. Group I (the control group) included 20 rats, which were divided equally into 4 subgroups. Subgroup IA was the negative control, Subgroup IB given one ml corn oil by gastric tube, Subgroup IC given one ml distilled water intraperitoneally (i.p) and Subgroup ID given one ml corn oil by gastric tube and one ml distilled water (i.p). Group II included 5 rats received a daily dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) of lycopene by gastric tube for 4 weeks. Group III included 10 rats injected with 150 mg/kg BW (i.p.) of TNPs daily for 4 weeks. Group IV included 10 rats received both TNPs and lycopene at the same aforementioned doses for 4 weeks. Kidney specimens were prepared and sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome. Immunohistochemical detection of desmin, anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3 was done.Results: Our results revealed that group II had similar findings nearly as group I. Group III showed congested dilated glomerular capillaries. The convoluted tubules showed exfoliation of some lining epithelial cells and degenerative changes. There were interstitial haemorrhage, mononuclear cell infiltration and increase in collagen fibers around degenerated convoluted tubules and glomeruli. A significant increase in desmin-expression in the glomerular cells was observed. Besides, there were significant increases of PCNA positive nuclear and caspase-3 cytoplasmic reactions in renal tubular cells. Group IV revealed amelioration of these changes.Conclusion: Lycopene protected rat’s renal cortex against TNPs nephrotoxicity.
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_3854_e2b6b7a356e92c874238798362e15581.pdf
2017-03-01
80
93
10.21608/EJH.2017.3700
kidney
lycopene
titanium dioxide nanoparticle toxicity
Caspase-3
Desmin
PCNA
Maysara
Salem
maysara.m.salem@gmail.com
1
Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zainab
Altayeb
2
Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University
AUTHOR
Abeer
El-Mahalaway
3
Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of the Possible Protective Effect of Ascorbic Acid on the Toxic Effect of Monosodium Glutamate on the Spleen of Adult Male Albino Rat
Introduction: Monosodium glutamate is widely used either as preservatives or enhancer of palatability. It is toxic to both human and experimental animals. Ascorbic acid is a natural antioxidant and has broad spectrum pharmacological properties. Aim of the work:The aim of the study was to determine the effect of monosodium glutamate on the structure of the spleen and to detect the efficacy of ascorbic acid to counteract these changes.Material and methods : Thirty adult albino rats were divided equally into three groups. Group I was the control group; group II rats were intraperitonialy injected with monosodium glutamate (4mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks; and group III, were treated with the same previous dose of monosodium glutamate and 500 mg/kg/day ascorbic A for 2 weeks. At the end of the experiment, specimens from the spleen were taken and prepared for H&E, Gomori silver stain and immunohistochemical stains (CD4 and CD68).Results: In group II, there were loss of architecture of the spleen and significant increase in area % of the reticular fibers. Megakaryocytes were frequently noticed. There was a significant decrease in the number of both CD4+ T helper cells and CD68+ macrophages in comparison with the control group. In group III, a marked improvement in the structure of the spleen was observed, and the number of both CD4+ and CD68+ cells were significantly increased as compared to group II.Conclusion: Monosodium glutamate had an immunosuppressive effect. Treatment with ascorbic acid was found to have protective role against this toxic effect.
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_3855_638c07c44c6eef72623eca8e2426aaf9.pdf
2017-03-01
94
104
10.21608/EJH.2017.3699
ascorbic acid
spleen
mono sodium glutamate
Doha
Mohamed
dohasaber@yahoo.com
1
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nesreen
Abdelhaliem
2
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
AUTHOR
Amal
Zakaria
3
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Protective Role of Simvastatin on Methotrexate-Induced Bone Injury in Adult Albino Rat
Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is a folic acid antagonist and chemotherapeutic agent widely used in cancer treatment. It is used as first line therapy in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MTX was known to cause bone defects in the form of reduced mineral density (BMD) and bone fractures. Simvastatin (SIM) is widely used for cardiovascular diseases.Aim of Work: To investigate the possible protective role of SIM on MTX induced bone injury in rats.Material and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups; Control group, SIM-treated group, MTX group and MTX + SIM group. MTX was given by subcutaneous injection as 0.65 mg/kg/day for two separate 5 days. SIM was administered orally as 25 mg/kg/day one month prior to and during the MTX course. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for levels of osteocalcin (OSC) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). All rats were sacrificed and specimens from their femurs were examined.Results: examination of MTX group showed marked thinning of the periosteum, and widening of bone marrow spaces. There was an apparent decrease in the number of osteocytes, together with an apparent increase in the number of osteoclasts. There was a significant decrease in the serum level of OSC together with a highly significant increase in the serum level of ALP in the MTX group as compared to the control group. On administration of SIM with MTX, there was marked improvement in most of the histological and serological parameters.Conclusion: SIM could be used as a protective measure for MTX-induced bone defects.
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_3856_f8255f315bfa685e474722fd9136e69a.pdf
2017-03-01
105
115
10.21608/EJH.2017.3696
chemotherapeutic
statins
osteomodulator
Osteocalcin
bone resorption
Amgad
Elsaid
amgadana@yahoo.com
1
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmed
Sadek
2
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Histological and Immunohistochemical Study on the Effect of Constant Light Exposure on T Lymphocyte Subsets in the Thymus and Lymph Node of Male Albino Rats
Background: Today there is a widespread exposure to high levels of light at night. . This causes divergence from the natural environment and leads to significant implications on the circadian rhythm. Constant light exposure inhibits melatonin secretion and increases serum concentration of corticosterone. The immune system is very sensitive to stress.Aim of the Work: to study the effect of chronic exposure to constant light (as a model of stress) on the T lymphocytes populations and distribution in the thymus and lymph node.Material and Methods: animals were divided into two groups (10 rats each). The 1st group considered as control group, was kept on a day light-darkness for 12-12 h. The 2nd group was kept under complete artificial light for a period of 4 weeks. Thymus glands and the cervical lymph nodes of rats were removed and processed for haematoxylin and eosin, and immunohistochemical staining for CD3, CD4 and CD8.Results: lymphocytic depletion was noticed in the thymus and lymph nodes of the constant light exposed group. Also the distribution of CD3 and CD4 positive cells were altered in the lymph node of the same group.Conclusion: Constant light stress causes lymphocytic depletion and alters lymphoid cell subsets distribution both in the thymus and lymph nodes.
https://ejh.journals.ekb.eg/article_3857_7771bdb3940d7f64a6e950a7f2305c1e.pdf
2017-03-01
116
128
10.21608/EJH.2017.3697
Immune
light system
Stress
Rehab
Rifaai
rehabrifaai@yahoo.com
1
1Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatma Al zhraa
Abd El Baky
2
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
AUTHOR